Delivered-To: tjphuhs@gmail.com Received: by 2002:a5d:649e:0:b0:439:fcfb:30e with SMTP id o30csp1807233wri; Tue, 7 Apr 2026 11:04:40 -0700 (PDT) X-Received: by 2002:a05:6214:5b87:b0:89a:8434:108c with SMTP id 6a1803df08f44-8a70509b28fmr213298956d6.15.1775585080679; Tue, 07 Apr 2026 11:04:40 -0700 (PDT) ARC-Seal: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; t=1775585080; cv=none; d=google.com; s=arc-20240605; b=PYUBkgGIddYOAGikHY1UkX//ShAgsVtXNOLeU4fXCCraEHfsrFAuSimHH/T8sw7Fgv nPkXJBdNyBa5zYZip7lxCdcgmSijDEX/ELhSIYZnFXbV02xpEfvWTmQFY4mJ/a1fSm8l fupOkftPr0YEzQmzcHowU5rOfp4rAjnzFQSvEqJmScx/LyX5OcN6g2z53ptqQU9fC3nS Fjx1SYctGifff0fTu3ykL29FlLGZ4UV7p80fOYA5JzLCgOWABSRNY2GSUZQ6kJFOXuMj NeCPaQu/CtCoR1Lm6/OFqOXUL6URBD6ouM7wumbbUsgtEk7FGRmdzOqNGAeI9LwgZeQq K/CQ== ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=google.com; s=arc-20240605; h=list-unsubscribe-post:list-unsubscribe:list-post:list-id :list-archive:list-url:list-owner:reply-to:in-reply-to:references :sender:feedback-id:date:message-id:to:from:subject:mime-version :dkim-signature:dkim-signature; bh=7/XDmojG0BwrYkIVlANzUDynCs6hjpQL4e2SgF4x35c=; fh=9zP21OW67FFZD2VV42mGudo540Qp4aalMWxJB5kMYug=; b=drWqVrcpR47YurnFLApUuSdRx8GCmz7s5KPrnTZZouH0G8w3jN89mzB6UH7+anoawQ XSkPK1NNx74OccJgJGySuP9f7adVeieRjM20dDa+G+Yx3mWLoSXoTw6eUj5O7M6rzELW 0htFbUii5+kZfS3mdZkA8y0X2YyDOKHfXFSuBlLFQrB6OptxPkitUjJXE5Hnwx4XgkMt irDQDOv6pGmxiljrV2BtW8B4iBRM0LhP8v1EguTwSK0emmH+x/JjsRScxfrZzHQwWy7x St9+gHJtuU47NRR5QBj3s9zOsLXEQH+Fn6hgPUYMEdETGtE9SGoUZjcoTjs7sZvb3jrS ShCA==; dara=google.com ARC-Authentication-Results: i=1; mx.google.com; dkim=pass header.i=@mg-d1.substack.com header.s=k1 header.b=jtvkDv9m; dkim=pass header.i=@mailgun.org header.s=mg header.b=SEcmDXoR; spf=pass (google.com: domain of bounce+30b528.39b08c6-tjphuhs=gmail.com@mg-d1.substack.com designates 159.112.244.41 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom="bounce+30b528.39b08c6-tjphuhs=gmail.com@mg-d1.substack.com"; dmarc=pass (p=REJECT sp=REJECT dis=NONE) header.from=substack.com Return-Path: Received: from v541.v5375b7fa.use4.send.mailgun.net (v541.v5375b7fa.use4.send.mailgun.net. [159.112.244.41]) by mx.google.com with UTF8SMTPS id 6a1803df08f44-8a6459aa125si239065876d6.398.2026.04.07.11.04.40 for (version=TLS1_2 cipher=ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 bits=128/128); Tue, 07 Apr 2026 11:04:40 -0700 (PDT) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of bounce+30b528.39b08c6-tjphuhs=gmail.com@mg-d1.substack.com designates 159.112.244.41 as permitted sender) client-ip=159.112.244.41; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; dkim=pass header.i=@mg-d1.substack.com header.s=k1 header.b=jtvkDv9m; dkim=pass header.i=@mailgun.org header.s=mg header.b=SEcmDXoR; spf=pass (google.com: domain of bounce+30b528.39b08c6-tjphuhs=gmail.com@mg-d1.substack.com designates 159.112.244.41 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom="bounce+30b528.39b08c6-tjphuhs=gmail.com@mg-d1.substack.com"; dmarc=pass (p=REJECT sp=REJECT dis=NONE) header.from=substack.com DKIM-Signature: a=rsa-sha256; v=1; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=mg-d1.substack.com; q=dns/txt; s=k1; t=1775585080; x=1775592280; h=List-Unsubscribe-Post: List-Unsubscribe: List-Post: List-Id: List-Archive: List-Owner: Reply-To: In-Reply-To: References: Sender: Sender: Date: Message-Id: To: To: From: From: Subject: Subject: Content-Type: Mime-Version: X-Feedback-Id; bh=7/XDmojG0BwrYkIVlANzUDynCs6hjpQL4e2SgF4x35c=; b=jtvkDv9mqp54dL1NZOTztWtLuD1pxvUDmBwjYAnMmqepq7orJddIb8fFbsZbe/DdKy4ZTaiWjy0zIDzrB69o8MSGN5FazpYHgy1w8zAVYXGT1uA7chXPUcvn1zFf9SH9nNPR85TGXSf1ZnEJFUXzioIFo6r61f1OgBitzCvC27w= DKIM-Signature: a=rsa-sha256; v=1; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=mailgun.org; q=dns/txt; s=mg; t=1775585080; x=1775592280; h=List-Unsubscribe-Post: List-Unsubscribe: List-Post: List-Id: List-Archive: List-Owner: Reply-To: In-Reply-To: References: Sender: Sender: Date: Message-Id: To: To: From: From: Subject: Subject: Content-Type: Mime-Version: X-Feedback-Id; bh=7/XDmojG0BwrYkIVlANzUDynCs6hjpQL4e2SgF4x35c=; b=SEcmDXoRa0+d8aN9kKmsnfWa9Qx5eSYdKSk8BqxlrWjcGT1/CjkH9xXYClfXaSS02koaNKPd4p//qyrp5e/y17tGZ92a65M/lR9m+J/CO2GDSYCbER/N+8YkK7gyYDUxZ4pWLiFasqE9RSbtw9ae3IDIbuRGGyTtNFKoDt4ShbQ= X-Mailgun-Sid: WyIxMWU0ZSIsInRqcGh1aHNAZ21haWwuY29tIiwiMzliMDhjNiJd X-Feedback-Id: postmaster@mg-d1.substack.com:post:614a1297c57bbbe25fa40e08:mailgun Received: by 69e231677f114a9e22a2eee7e197aa2200acb890d2b2ccd831794bceae35cb55 with HTTP id 69d547373046214517c0cfda; Tue, 07 Apr 2026 18:04:39 GMT X-Mailgun-Sending-Ip: 159.112.244.41 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="bbbf46fced32586df359f06403343249915d03cb91aa8f8428d6b5a41b51" Subject: Why You Should NOT Refrigerate Amino Blends (Lipo-C, L-Carnitine, etc.) From: Derek from Peptide Price To: tjphuhs@gmail.com X-Mailgun-Tag: post X-Mailgun-Track-Clicks: false Message-Id: <20260407180333.3.9149a4ed4b5f0065@mg-d1.substack.com> Date: Tue, 7 Apr 2026 18:03:33 +0000 Feedback-Id: post-193493984:cat-post:pub-3365367:substack Sender: Derek from Peptide Price References: In-Reply-To: Reply-To: Derek from Peptide Price List-Owner: List-Url: List-Archive: List-Id: List-Post: List-Unsubscribe: List-Unsubscribe-Post: List-Unsubscribe=One-Click X-Mailgun-Variables: {"category": "post", "email_generated_at": "1775585079468", "is_freemail": "true", "post_audience": "everyone", "post_id": "193493984", "post_type": "newsletter", "pub_community_enabled": "true", "publication_id": "3365367", "subdomain": "derekpruski", "user_id": "273622398"} --bbbf46fced32586df359f06403343249915d03cb91aa8f8428d6b5a41b51 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable View this post on the web at https://derekpruski.substack.com/p/why-you-sho= uld-not-refrigerate-amino This comes up constantly and the answer surprises most people: amino-based = blends like Lipo-C, L-Carnitine, and similar compounded solutions are typic= ally best stored at room temperature =E2=80=94 refrigerating them can actua= lly cause problems. I actually struggled a lot with this as a beginner, as I couldn=E2=80=99t f= ind the correct answer and refrigerated a lot of my amino blends. I never s= aw issues, but as I learn more, I want to spread the correct storage instru= ctions. Here=E2=80=99s why. What=E2=80=99s in these blends Lipo-C and similar formulas typically contain a mix of water-soluble compou= nds =E2=80=94 things like L-Carnitine, Methionine, Inositol, Choline, B12, = and various B vitamins. Think of it like a very concentrated liquid vitamin= and amino acid mix. All of these ingredients are dissolved into water at h= igh concentrations to create the final solution in the vial. The refrigeration problem: precipitation When you cool down a liquid solution, the ingredients dissolved in it have = a harder time staying dissolved. It=E2=80=99s the same reason sugar stops d= issolving in cold water as easily as it does in warm water =E2=80=94 cold l= iquid simply can=E2=80=99t hold as much dissolved material. With high-concentration amino blends, this means the ingredients can start = to fall out of the solution and form visible crystals or particles at the b= ottom or sides of the vial. This is called precipitation. You may notice: Cloudiness in the vial Visible crystals or white particles A solution that looked fine when cold but was already compromised The compound hasn=E2=80=99t necessarily =E2=80=9Cgone bad=E2=80=9D in the t= raditional sense, but once ingredients have fallen out of solution, the liq= uid is no longer evenly mixed. That means the research subject is not getti= ng a consistent, accurately dosed solution =E2=80=94 and that matters for a= ny protocol. What about bacterial growth? The instinct behind refrigerating is reasonable: cold slows bacteria. That= =E2=80=99s true. But properly manufactured amino blends already include a p= reservative =E2=80=94 most commonly benzyl alcohol =E2=80=94 specifically t= o prevent bacterial growth inside the vial. The preservative does that job.= The cold isn=E2=80=99t adding meaningful protection for a sealed, properly= made vial. Once a vial is opened and in active use, the preservative continues protect= ing the solution at room temperature across a normal use window. So what actually causes degradation? The real enemies of amino blends are: Light exposure =E2=80=94 B12 in particular breaks down quickly when exposed= to direct light. Keep vials away from windows and out of direct sunlight. Extreme heat =E2=80=94 room temperature is fine; leaving vials in a hot car= or near a heat source is not. Contamination during use =E2=80=94 using a fresh needle for each draw and m= aintaining clean technique matters more than temperature management in most= cases. Bottom line Store amino blends in a cool, dark place at room temperature. A drawer or c= abinet away from windows works perfectly. Refrigeration isn=E2=80=99t neces= sary, and for high-concentration solutions it introduces a real risk of the= ingredients separating out =E2=80=94 which undermines dosing accuracy. If you ever open a vial and notice cloudiness or particles that weren=E2=80= =99t there before, that=E2=80=99s worth paying attention to regardless of h= ow it was stored. As always, this is for educational purposes on research use only. Unsubscribe https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kZXJla3BydXN= raS5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vYWN0aW9uL2Rpc2FibGVfZW1haWw_dG9rZW49ZXlKMWMyVnlYMmxrSW= pveU56TTJNakl6T1Rnc0luQnZjM1JmYVdRaU9qRTVNelE1TXprNE5Dd2lhV0YwSWpveE56YzFOV= GcxTURjNUxDSmxlSEFpT2pFNE1EY3hNakV3Tnprc0ltbHpjeUk2SW5CMVlpMHpNelkxTXpZM0lp= d2ljM1ZpSWpvaVpHbHpZV0pzWlY5bGJXRnBiQ0o5Lnh4a1JqSHFSOFVGSFB3ZU9yRGFDSk1qSFI= yWDY5QzdSQUdSWXVuRVJQYWsiLCJwIjoxOTM0OTM5ODQsInMiOjMzNjUzNjcsImYiOnRydWUsIn= UiOjI3MzYyMjM5OCwiaWF0IjoxNzc1NTg1MDc5LCJleHAiOjIwOTExNjEwNzksImlzcyI6InB1Y= i0wIiwic3ViIjoibGluay1yZWRpcmVjdCJ9.Sq05PxikDE_hAghKNd9Rma1_YsJ607rWBjraaWl= rs5k? --bbbf46fced32586df359f06403343249915d03cb91aa8f8428d6b5a41b51 Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable = Why You Should NOT Refrigerate Amino Blends (Lipo-C, L-Carnitine, etc.)</ti= tle><style> @media (max-width: 1024px) { .typography .pullquote-align-left, .typography.editor .pullquote-align-left, .typography .pullquote-align-right, .typography.editor .pullquote-align-right, .typography .pullquote-align-wide, .typography.editor .pullquote-align-wide, .typography .pullquote-align-center, .typography.editor .pullquote-align-center { float: none; margin: 0 auto; width: 100%; max-width: 100%; } } @media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none), (-ms-high-contrast: active) { .typography .markup table.image-wrapper img, .typography.editor .markup table.image-wrapper img, .typography .markup table.kindle-wrapper img, .typography.editor .markup table.kindle-wrapper img { max-width: 550px; } } @media (min-width: 1024px) { .typography:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.ima= ge2-offset-left), .typography.editor:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(= > a.image2-offset-left) { margin-left: var(--image-offset-margin); } .typography:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.ima= ge2-offset-right), .typography.editor:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(= > a.image2-offset-right) { margin-right: var(--image-offset-margin); } } @media (min-width: 1300px) { .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-left)= , .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offse= t-left) { margin-left: var(--image-offset-margin); } .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-right= ), .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offse= t-right) { margin-right: var(--image-offset-margin); } } @media (max-width: 1024px) { .typography, .typography.editor { /* Disable offset on mobile/tablet */ } .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left), .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align= -left), .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right)= , .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align= -right) { float: none; margin: 1em auto; max-width: 100%; width: auto; padding: 0; } .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left.t= hefp), .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align= -left.thefp), .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right.= thefp), .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align= -right.thefp) { margin: 1em auto; } .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-left)= , .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offse= t-left), .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-right= ), .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offse= t-right) { margin: 1em auto; } .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left) = =2Eimage2-inset, .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align= -left) .image2-inset, .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right)= .image2-inset, .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align= -right) .image2-inset { display: block; justify-content: initial; } } @media (max-width: 768px) { .typography .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed, .typography.editor .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed { margin-top: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; } .typography .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed:first-child, .typography.editor .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed:first-child { margin-top: 0px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .typography .markup div.youtube-overlay, .typography.editor .markup div.youtube-overlay, .typography .markup div.vimeo-overlay, .typography.editor .markup div.vimeo-overlay { display: none !important; } } @media screen and (max-width: 370px) { .typography .markup div.tiktok-wrap, .typography.editor .markup div.tiktok-wrap { width: calc(95vw - 32px); height: calc((95vw - 32px - 2px) / 0.485714); } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .typography .markup div.embedded-publication-wrap .embedded-publication.s= how-subscribe, .typography.editor .markup div.embedded-publication-wrap .embedded-public= ation.show-subscribe { padding: 24px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .typography .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-widget.sho= w-subscribe, .typography.editor .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-wid= get.show-subscribe, .typography .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscription-wid= get.show-subscribe, .typography.editor .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscript= ion-widget.show-subscribe, .typography .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget.show-s= ubscribe, .typography.editor .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget= =2Eshow-subscribe { padding: 0px 24px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .typography .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-widget.sho= w-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button, .typography.editor .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-wid= get.show-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button, .typography .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscription-wid= get.show-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button, .typography.editor .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscript= ion-widget.show-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button, .typography .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget.show-s= ubscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button, .typography.editor .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget= =2Eshow-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button { padding: 10px 12px; min-width: 110px; } } @media (max-width: 650px) { .typography .markup .twitter-embed, .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed, .typography .markup .tweet, .typography.editor .markup .tweet { padding: 12px; } } @media (max-width: 650px) { .typography .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-text, .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-text, .typography .markup .tweet .tweet-text, .typography.editor .markup .tweet .tweet-text { font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; } } @media (max-width: 650px) { .typography .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.two, .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.two, .typography .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.two, .typography.editor .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.two, .typography .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.three, .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.three, .typography .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.three, .typography.editor .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.three, .typography .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.four, .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.four, .typography .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.four, .typography.editor .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.four { height: 200px; } } @media (max-width: 650px) { .typography .markup .twitter-embed a.expanded-link .expanded-link-img, .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed a.expanded-link .expanded-link-= img, .typography .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-img, .typography.editor .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-img { max-height: 180px; } } @media (max-width: 650px) { .typography .markup .twitter-embed a.expanded-link .expanded-link-descrip= tion, .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed a.expanded-link .expanded-link-= description, .typography .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-description, .typography.editor .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-descript= ion { display: none; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .typography .markup .apple-podcast-container, .typography.editor .markup .apple-podcast-container { width: unset; } } @media (max-width: 420px) { .typography .markup .install-substack-app-embed img.install-substack-app-= embed-img, .typography.editor .markup .install-substack-app-embed img.install-substa= ck-app-embed-img { margin: 0 auto 16px auto; } } @media (max-width: 420px) { .typography .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-emb= ed-text, .typography.editor .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-= app-embed-text { margin: 0 0 12px 0; max-width: 100%; width: auto; text-align: center; } } @media (max-width: 420px) { .typography .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-emb= ed-link, .typography.editor .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-= app-embed-link { display: flex; justify-content: center; } } @media screen and (min-width: 481px) { .share-button-container { height: 38px; } } @media screen and (min-width: 481px) { .share-button-container a.comment { height: 38px; line-height: 38px; padding-right: 10px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 480px) { .share-button-container .separator { display: block; margin: 0; height: 8px; border-left: none; } } @media screen and (max-width: 480px) { .share-button-container a.share.first img { padding-left: 0; } } @media screen and (min-width: 481px) { .share-button-container a.mobile { display: none !important; } } @media screen and (min-width: 541px) { .settings-add-pub-modal-wrapper .container .add-recommending-pub-modal-co= ntainer { padding: 36px; height: 680px; } } @media screen and (min-width: 541px) { .settings-add-pub-modal-wrapper .container .add-recommending-pub-modal-co= ntainer .footer { position: absolute; bottom: 36px; margin: 0px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .header-anchor-parent { display: none; } } @media screen and (max-width: 768px) { .post { padding: 16px 0 0 0; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .post .post-header .post-label { margin-top: 8px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .post .post-header .meta-author-wrap.alternative-meta .meta-right-column = =2Epost-meta { margin-top: 6px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .post .footer-facepile-container { height: 64px; padding: 0 16px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: flex-start; width: 100%; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .post .post-footer.use-separators { justify-content: center; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .post .post-footer.next-prev { height: 64px; justify-content: space-between; box-sizing: border-box; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-table { display: block; } .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-table-row { display: flex; flex-direction: row; } .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-userhead-cell, .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-body-cell { display: block; } .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-body-cell { flex-grow: 1; } .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-body-table { display: block; } .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-body-table-row { display: block; } .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-copy-cell, .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-controls-cell { display: block; } .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-copy-cell { margin: 0 0 16px 0; } .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-controls-cell { width: auto; } .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-controls { margin: auto; } .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-controls .button.primary { width: 100%; } .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-text { font-size: 14px; } } @media screen and (min-width: 768px) { .post-silhouette { padding: 32px 0; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .post-silhouette .post-silhouette-title { margin-top: 10.44225025px; height: 120px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .post-silhouette .post-silhouette-meta { width: 75%; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .post-silhouette .post-silhouette-meta.with-byline-image { margin: 20px 0; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .use-theme-bg .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item, .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item { padding-right: 16px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 370px) { .use-theme-bg .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item, .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item { font-size: 14px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .use-theme-bg .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item.guest-author-pu= blication, .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item.guest-author-publication { display: none; } } @media screen and (max-width: 370px) { .post-meta .post-meta-item .post-meta-button { height: 36px !important; /* important to override in-line height style on emails */ } .post-meta .post-meta-item .post-meta-button .meta-button-label { display: none; } .post-meta .post-meta-item .post-meta-button > svg { margin-right: 0; } } @media screen and (max-width: 370px) { .post-meta .post-meta-item { font-size: 12px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .post .floating-subscribe-button { bottom: 20px; right: 20px; } } @media (max-width: 1024px) { body .pullquote-align-left, body .pullquote-align-right, body .pullquote-align-wide, body .pullquote-align-center { float: none; margin: 0 auto; width: 100%; max-width: 100%; } } @media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none), (-ms-high-contrast: active) { body .markup table.image-wrapper img, body .markup table.kindle-wrapper img { max-width: 550px; } } @media (min-width: 1024px) { body:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-off= set-left) { margin-left: var(--image-offset-margin); } body:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-off= set-right) { margin-right: var(--image-offset-margin); } } @media (min-width: 1300px) { body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-left) { margin-left: var(--image-offset-margin); } body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-right) { margin-right: var(--image-offset-margin); } } @media (max-width: 1024px) { body { /* Disable offset on mobile/tablet */ } body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left), body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right) { float: none; margin: 1em auto; max-width: 100%; width: auto; padding: 0; } body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left.thefp), body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right.thefp) = { margin: 1em auto; } body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-left), body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-right) { margin: 1em auto; } body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left) .image2= -inset, body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right) .image= 2-inset { display: block; justify-content: initial; } } @media (max-width: 768px) { body .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed { margin-top: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; } body .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed:first-child { margin-top: 0px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { body .markup div.youtube-overlay, body .markup div.vimeo-overlay { display: none !important; } } @media screen and (max-width: 370px) { body .markup div.tiktok-wrap { width: calc(95vw - 32px); height: calc((95vw - 32px - 2px) / 0.485714); } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { body .markup div.embedded-publication-wrap .embedded-publication.show-sub= scribe { padding: 24px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { body .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subsc= ribe, body .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscription-widget.sho= w-subscribe, body .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subscrib= e { padding: 0px 24px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { body .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subsc= ribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button, body .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscription-widget.sho= w-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button, body .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subscrib= e .subscription-widget-subscribe .button { padding: 10px 12px; min-width: 110px; } } @media (max-width: 650px) { body .markup .twitter-embed, body .markup .tweet { padding: 12px; } } @media (max-width: 650px) { body .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-text, body .markup .tweet .tweet-text { font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; } } @media (max-width: 650px) { body .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.two, body .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.two, body .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.three, body .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.three, body .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.four, body .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.four { height: 200px; } } @media (max-width: 650px) { body .markup .twitter-embed a.expanded-link .expanded-link-img, body .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-img { max-height: 180px; } } @media (max-width: 650px) { body .markup .twitter-embed a.expanded-link .expanded-link-description, body .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-description { display: none; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { body .markup .apple-podcast-container { width: unset; } } @media (max-width: 420px) { body .markup .install-substack-app-embed img.install-substack-app-embed-i= mg { margin: 0 auto 16px auto; } } @media (max-width: 420px) { body .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-embed-text= { margin: 0 0 12px 0; max-width: 100%; width: auto; text-align: center; } } @media (max-width: 420px) { body .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-embed-link= { display: flex; justify-content: center; } } @media screen and (min-width: 500px) { body .header a.logo { width: 42px; height: 42px; border-radius: 12px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 420px) { body .subscription-receipt table:first-of-type .subscription-amount .subs= cription-discount { width: 72px !important; } } @media screen and (min-width: 481px) { body .share-button-container { height: auto; } } @media screen and (max-width: 480px) { body .share-button-container .separator { display: block !important; margin: 0 !important; height: 8px !important; border-left: none !important; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .digest .item .post-meta-item.audience { display: none; } } @media screen and (min-width: 500px) { .digest-publication .logo img { width: 42px; height: 42px; border-radius: 8px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .comments-page .container .comment-list .collapsed-reply { margin-left: calc(10 + 32px - 24px); } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .comment > .comment-list { padding-left: 24px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .finish-magic-login-modal .modal-content .container { padding: 24px 0; } } @media (max-width: 650px) { .reader2-text-b3 { line-height: 24px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .reader2-text-h4 { line-height: 24px; } } @media screen and (min-width: 541px) { .user-profile-modal { padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .subscribe-widget form.form .sideBySideWrap button.rightButton { padding: 10px 12px; } } @media screen and (min-width: 541px) { .pub-icon:hover .logo-hover, .feed-item-icon:hover .logo-hover { display: block; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .post-ufi.single-full-width-button .post-ufi-button-wrapper { width: 100%; padding: 16px; } .post-ufi.single-full-width-button .post-ufi-button-wrapper:empty { display: none; } .post-ufi.single-full-width-button .post-ufi-button { width: 100%; justify-content: center; } } @media screen and (max-width: 768px) { .file-embed-wrapper { padding: 0; } } @media screen and (max-width: 768px) { .file-embed-wrapper-editor { padding: 0; } } @media screen and (max-width: 768px) { .file-embed-wrapper-editor:active { padding: 0; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 650px) { .file-embed-button.wide, .file-embed-error-button.wide { display: none; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 630px) { .file-embed-button.narrow, .file-embed-error-button.narrow { display: none; } } @media screen and (min-width: 541px) { .audio-player-wrapper .audio-player { min-width: 500px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .audio-player-wrapper .audio-player .audio-player-progress { border-left-width: 16px; border-right-width: 16px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .audio-player-wrapper .audio-player .audio-player-progress .audio-player-= progress-bar .audio-player-progress-bar-popup { top: -54px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-progress { border-left-width: 16px; border-right-width: 16px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 650px) { .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-progress .audio-p= layer-progress-bar .audio-player-progress-bar-popup { top: -54px; } } @media (min-width: 250px) { .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player { padding: 32px; } .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group { display: flex; } .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button:last-of-type= { display: block; } } @media (min-width: 300px) { .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group { display: block; } .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button:first-of-typ= e { display: block; } } @media (min-width: 350px) { .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-substack-logo { display: block; } .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-title { margin-top: 16px; } .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-hero-image-contai= ner { padding-top: 15%; width: 15%; display: block; } .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button:first-of-typ= e { display: block; } .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-substack-logo { display: block; } } @media (min-width: 350px) { .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-hero-image-contai= ner { padding-top: 25%; width: 25%; display: block; } .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group { display: flex; } .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button:first-of-typ= e { display: block; } } @media (min-width: 400px) { .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-hero-image-contai= ner { padding-top: 40%; width: 40%; } } @media (max-width: 400px) { .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group { margin-top: 12px; } .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button { font-size: 13px; padding: 6px 12px; height: auto; margin-top: 10px; } } @media (min-width: 600px) { .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-hero-image-contai= ner { padding-top: 55%; width: 55%; } } @media (max-width: 650px) { .poll-editor-modal { min-width: calc(100% - 20px); } } @media (max-width: 750px) { .poll-embed .poll-anchor-target .poll-anchor-copy-button { left: 8px; top: 45px; } } @media not all and (min-resolution: 0.001dpcm) { @supports (-webkit-appearance: none) { p a:not(.primary.button), .post p:not(.button-wrapper) a:not(.primary.button), .footnote a.footnote-anchor:not(.primary.button), .thread-head .markup p:not(.button-wrapper) a:not(.primary.button) { color: #ff6719; text-decoration: none; } p a:not(.primary.button):hover, .post p:not(.button-wrapper) a:not(.primary.button):hover, .footnote a.footnote-anchor:not(.primary.button):hover, .thread-head .markup p:not(.button-wrapper) a:not(.primary.button):hove= r { text-decoration: underline; } } }</style></head><body class=3D"email-body" style=3D"font-kerning: auto;--im= age-offset-margin: -120px;"><img src=3D"https://eotrx.substackcdn.com/open?= token=3DeyJtIjoiPDIwMjYwNDA3MTgwMzMzLjMuOTE0OWE0ZWQ0YjVmMDA2NUBtZy1kMS5zdWJ= zdGFjay5jb20-IiwidSI6MjczNjIyMzk4LCJyIjoidGpwaHVoc0BnbWFpbC5jb20iLCJkIjoibW= ctZDEuc3Vic3RhY2suY29tIiwicCI6MTkzNDkzOTg0LCJ0IjoibmV3c2xldHRlciIsImEiOiJld= mVyeW9uZSIsInMiOjMzNjUzNjcsImMiOiJwb3N0IiwiZiI6dHJ1ZSwicG9zaXRpb24iOiJ0b3Ai= LCJpYXQiOjE3NzU1ODUwNzksImV4cCI6MTc3ODE3NzA3OSwiaXNzIjoicHViLTAiLCJzdWIiOiJ= lbyJ9._peqwLfVrUW5QojHEa3RrbQNMaUYa3774rmEKDdX_S8" alt=3D"" width=3D"1" hei= ght=3D"1" border=3D"0" style=3D"height:1px !important;width:1px !important;= border-width:0 !important;margin-top:0 !important;margin-bottom:0 !importan= t;margin-right:0 !important;margin-left:0 !important;padding-top:0 !importa= nt;padding-bottom:0 !important;padding-right:0 !important;padding-left:0 !i= mportant;"/><div class=3D"preview" style=3D"display:none;font-size:1px;colo= r:#333333;line-height:1px;max-height:0px;max-width:0px;opacity:0;overflow:h= idden;">This comes up constantly and the answer surprises most people: amin= o-based blends like Lipo-C, L-Carnitine, and similar compounded solutions a= re typically best stored at room temperature — refrigerating them can= actually cause problems.</div><div class=3D"preview" style=3D"display:none= ;font-size:1px;color:#333333;line-height:1px;max-height:0px;max-width:0px;o= pacity:0;overflow:hidden;">͏     ­͏    = ; ­͏     ­͏     ­͏ &nbs= p;   ­͏     ­͏     ­&#= 847;     ­͏     ­͏    = ­͏     ­͏     ­͏  = ;   ­͏     ­͏     ­= 47;     ­͏     ­͏     = ­͏     ­͏     ­͏  =   ­͏     ­͏     ­T= 7;     ­͏     ­͏     &= #173;͏     ­͏     ­͏   =   ­͏     ­͏     ­͏= ;     ­͏     ­͏     &#= 173;͏     ­͏     ­͏   &= #8199; ­͏     ­͏     ­͏=     ­͏     ­͏     = 73;͏     ­͏     ­͏   &#= 8199; ­͏     ­͏     ­͏ =     ­͏     ­͏     = 3;͏     ­͏     ­͏   = 199; ­͏     ­͏     ­͏ &= nbsp;   ­͏     ­͏     ­= ;͏     ­͏     ­͏   Q= 99; ­͏     ­͏     ­͏ &n= bsp;   ­͏     ­͏     ­= ͏     ­͏     ­͏   ̳= 9; ­͏     ­͏     ­͏ &nb= sp;   ­͏     ­͏     ­&= #847;     ­͏     ­͏    = ; ­͏     ­͏     ­͏ &nbs= p;   ­͏     ­͏     ­&#= 847;     ­͏     ­͏    = ­͏     ­͏     ­͏  = ;   ­͏     ­͏     ­= 47;     ­͏     ­͏     = ­͏     ­͏     ­͏  =   ­͏     ­͏     ­T= 7;     ­͏     ­͏     &= #173;͏     ­͏     ­͏   =   ­͏     ­͏     ­͏= ;     ­͏     ­͏     &#= 173;͏     ­͏     ­͏   &= #8199; ­͏     ­͏     ­͏=     ­͏     ­͏     = 73;͏     ­͏     ­͏   &#= 8199; ­͏     ­͏     ­͏ =     ­͏     ­͏     = 3;͏     ­͏     ­͏   = 199; ­͏     ­͏     ­͏ &= nbsp;   ­͏     ­͏     ­= ;͏     ­͏     ­͏   Q= 99; ­͏     ­͏     ­͏ &n= bsp;   ­͏     ­͏     ­= ͏     ­͏     ­͏   ̳= 9; ­͏     ­͏     ­͏ &nb= sp;   ­͏     ­͏     ­&= #847;     ­͏     ­͏    = ; ­͏     ­͏     ­͏ &nbs= p;   ­͏     ­͏     ­&#= 847;     ­͏     ­͏    = ­͏     ­͏     ­͏  = ;   ­͏     ­͏     ­= 47;     ­͏     ­͏     = ­͏     ­͏     ­͏  =   ­͏     ­͏     ­T= 7;     ­͏     ­͏     &= #173;͏     ­͏     ­͏   =   ­͏     ­͏     ­͏= ;     ­͏     ­͏     &#= 173;͏     ­͏     ­͏   &= #8199; ­͏     ­͏     ­͏=     ­͏     ­͏     = 73;͏     ­͏     ­͏   &#= 8199; ­͏     ­͏     ­͏ =     ­͏     ­͏     = 3;</div><table class=3D"email-body-container" role=3D"presentation" width= =3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td><= /td><td class=3D"content" width=3D"550"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td= class=3D"content" width=3D"550" align=3D"left"><div style=3D"font-size: 16= px;line-height: 26px;max-width: 550px;width: 100%;margin: 0 auto;overflow-w= rap: break-word;"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" = cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"right" style=3D= "height:20px;"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cel= lspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:mid= dle;"><span class=3D"pencraft pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ tw-font-body tw-text-ss= m tw-text-substack-secondary" style=3D"font-family: SF Pro Text, -apple-sys= tem, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, Inter, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica, Ari= al, sans-serif, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol;font-siz= e: 13px;color: unset;list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;"><d= iv class=3D"pencraft pc-reset align-right-VJbKw5 size-12-mmZ61m reset-IxiVJ= Z" style=3D"list-style: none;color: unset;text-align: right;font-size: 12px= ;line-height: 16px;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;"><span class=3D"pencra= ft pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ" translated=3D"" style=3D"list-style: none;color: = unset;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;">Forwarded this email? <a class=3D"= pencraft pc-reset decoration-underline-ClTkYc reset-IxiVJZ" href=3D"https:/= /substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kZXJla3BydXNraS5zdWJzdGFjay5jb2= 0vc3Vic2NyaWJlP3V0bV9zb3VyY2U9ZW1haWwmdXRtX2NhbXBhaWduPWVtYWlsLXN1YnNjcmliZ= SZyPTRpd29lNiZuZXh0PWh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGZGVyZWtwcnVza2kuc3Vic3RhY2suY29tJTJG= cCUyRndoeS15b3Utc2hvdWxkLW5vdC1yZWZyaWdlcmF0ZS1hbWlubyIsInAiOjE5MzQ5Mzk4NCw= icyI6MzM2NTM2NywiZiI6dHJ1ZSwidSI6MjczNjIyMzk4LCJpYXQiOjE3NzU1ODUwNzksImV4cC= I6MjA5MTE2MTA3OSwiaXNzIjoicHViLTAiLCJzdWIiOiJsaW5rLXJlZGlyZWN0In0.8r-aQTUlY= eIwOi2FgK_VugpPvWMORc8pBajM7IvqVqI?" style=3D"list-style: none;color: unset= ;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;-webkit-text-decoration-line: underline;t= ext-decoration-line: underline;">Subscribe here</a> for more</span></div></= span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><div class=3D"post= typography" dir=3D"auto" style=3D"--image-offset-margin: -120px;padding: 3= 2px 0 0 0;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;"><div class=3D"post-header" ro= le=3D"region" aria-label=3D"Post header" style=3D"font-size: 16px;line-heig= ht: 26px;"><h1 class=3D"post-title published title-X77sOw" dir=3D"auto" sty= le=3D"direction: auto;text-align: start;unicode-bidi: isolate;color: rgb(54= ,55,55);font-family: 'SF Pro Display',-apple-system-headline,system-ui,-app= le-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'= Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: bold;-we= bkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased;-webk= it-appearance: optimizelegibility;-moz-appearance: optimizelegibility;appea= rance: optimizelegibility;margin: 0;line-height: 36px;font-size: 32px;"><a = href=3D"https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3D3365367&post_id= =3D193493984&utm_source=3Dpost-email-title&utm_campaign=3Demail-post-title&= isFreemail=3Dtrue&r=3D4iwoe6&token=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaW= QiOjE5MzQ5Mzk4NCwiaWF0IjoxNzc1NTg1MDc5LCJleHAiOjE3NzgxNzcwNzksImlzcyI6InB1Y= i0zMzY1MzY3Iiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.qlB09efQN3wucIp-L8J0cRQ6HUx4sw_= Q6XH6NwtfuDw" style=3D"color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: none;">Why You= Should NOT Refrigerate Amino Blends (Lipo-C, L-Carnitine, etc.)</a></h1><t= able class=3D"post-meta" role=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" = cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D"margin: 1em 0;height: 20px;ali= gn-items: center;"><tbody><tr><td><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"aut= o" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td><table r= ole=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadd= ing=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><div class=3D"pen= craft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP = size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ= meta-EgzBVA custom-css-email-post-author" style=3D"list-style: none;font-s= ize: 11px;line-height: 20px;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(54,55,55);mar= gin: 0;font-family: 'SF Compact',-apple-system,system-ui,-apple-system,Blin= kMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Em= oji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 500;text-transform: up= percase;letter-spacing: .2px;"><a class=3D"pencraft pc-reset color-primary-= zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-= fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA" style=3D"list-s= tyle: none;color: rgb(54,55,55);margin: 0;font-size: 11px;line-height: 20px= ;font-family: 'SF Compact',-apple-system,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSy= stemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','= Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 500;text-transform: uppercas= e;letter-spacing: .2px;text-decoration: none" href=3D"https://substack.com/= @peptideprice">Derek</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td><= table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" c= ellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><div class= =3D"pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-met= a-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq res= et-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA" style=3D"list-style: none;font-size: 11px;line-heigh= t: 20px;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;font-famil= y: 'SF Compact',-apple-system,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'S= egoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Em= oji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 500;text-transform: uppercase;letter-sp= acing: .2px;"><time datetime=3D"2026-04-07T18:03:33.107Z">Apr 7</time></div= ></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td align=3D"righ= t"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"= 0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><a hre= f=3D"https://substack.com/@peptideprice"><img class=3D"custom-css-email-ava= tar avatar-QIQ5yR" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!27SK!,f_a= uto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.a= mazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff07a8bac-9f53-43a0-af70-e96356c0f3f3_500x5= 00.png" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 550px;border: none;verti= cal-align: middle;width: 40px;height: 40px;min-width: 40px;min-height: 40px= ;object-fit: cover;margin: 0px;display: inline;border-radius: 50%" width=3D= "40" height=3D"40"></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>= <table class=3D"email-ufi-2-top" role=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" borde= r=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D"border-top: 1px solid = rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);min-width: 100%;"><tbo= dy><tr height=3D"16"><td height=3D"16" style=3D"font-size:0px;line-height:0= ;"> </td></tr><tr><td><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" bord= er=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td><table role=3D"= presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"= 0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><table role=3D"presentat= ion" width=3D"38" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><= tr><td align=3D"center"><a class=3D"email-icon-button" href=3D"https://subs= tack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3D3365367&post_id=3D193493984&utm_sou= rce=3Dsubstack&isFreemail=3Dtrue&submitLike=3Dtrue&token=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoy= NzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MzQ5Mzk4NCwicmVhY3Rpb24iOiLinaQiLCJpYXQiOjE3NzU= 1ODUwNzksImV4cCI6MTc3ODE3NzA3OSwiaXNzIjoicHViLTMzNjUzNjciLCJzdWIiOiJyZWFjdG= lvbiJ9.TSTFETahdsJ65M9Ay7cPCyaddHHd-ruM9tL6Sv_P8jo&utm_medium=3Demail&utm_c= ampaign=3Demail-reaction&r=3D4iwoe6" style=3D"font-family: system-ui,-apple= -system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Ap= ple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;f= ont-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-= transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1;padding: 9px 0;text-dec= oration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);min-width: 38px;box-sizing: border-bo= x;width: 38px"><img class=3D"icon" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fet= ch/$s_!PeVs!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2= F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideHeart%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%2= 6stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" style= =3D"border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" alt=3D""></a></td>= </tr></tbody></table></td><td width=3D"8" style=3D"min-width:8px;"></td><td= style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"38"= border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"c= enter"><a class=3D"email-icon-button" href=3D"https://substack.com/app-link= /post?publication_id=3D3365367&post_id=3D193493984&utm_source=3Dsubstack&ut= m_medium=3Demail&isFreemail=3Dtrue&comments=3Dtrue&token=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoy= NzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MzQ5Mzk4NCwiaWF0IjoxNzc1NTg1MDc5LCJleHAiOjE3Nzg= xNzcwNzksImlzcyI6InB1Yi0zMzY1MzY3Iiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.qlB09efQN= 3wucIp-L8J0cRQ6HUx4sw_Q6XH6NwtfuDw&r=3D4iwoe6&utm_campaign=3Demail-half-mag= ic-comments&action=3Dpost-comment&utm_source=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail"= style=3D"font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI= ',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','S= egoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rg= b(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px= ;line-height: 1;padding: 9px 0;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119= );min-width: 38px;box-sizing: border-box;width: 38px"><img class=3D"icon" s= rc=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x1tS!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_au= to:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideComm= ents%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWid= th%3D2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" style=3D"border: none;vertical-align: mi= ddle;max-width: 18px" alt=3D""></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width= =3D"8" style=3D"min-width:8px;"></td><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><= table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"38" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cel= lpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center"><a class=3D"email-icon-butto= n" href=3D"https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3D3365367&post= _id=3D193493984&utm_source=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail&utm_content=3Dshar= e&utm_campaign=3Demail-share&action=3Dshare&triggerShare=3Dtrue&isFreemail= =3Dtrue&r=3D4iwoe6&token=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MzQ5= Mzk4NCwiaWF0IjoxNzc1NTg1MDc5LCJleHAiOjE3NzgxNzcwNzksImlzcyI6InB1Yi0zMzY1MzY= 3Iiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.qlB09efQN3wucIp-L8J0cRQ6HUx4sw_Q6XH6Nwtfu= Dw" style=3D"font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe= UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji'= ,'Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid= rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 1= 2px;line-height: 1;padding: 9px 0;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,= 119);min-width: 38px;box-sizing: border-box;width: 38px"><img class=3D"icon= " src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_L14!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q= _auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideS= hare2%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWi= dth%3D2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" style=3D"border: none;vertical-align: m= iddle;max-width: 18px" alt=3D""></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td widt= h=3D"8" style=3D"min-width:8px;"></td><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;">= <table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"38" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" ce= llpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center"><a class=3D"email-icon-butt= on" href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9vcGVuLnN1YnN= 0YWNrLmNvbS9wdWIvZGVyZWtwcnVza2kvcC93aHkteW91LXNob3VsZC1ub3QtcmVmcmlnZXJhdG= UtYW1pbm8_dXRtX3NvdXJjZT1zdWJzdGFjayZ1dG1fbWVkaXVtPWVtYWlsJnV0bV9jYW1wYWlnb= j1lbWFpbC1yZXN0YWNrLWNvbW1lbnQmYWN0aW9uPXJlc3RhY2stY29tbWVudCZyPTRpd29lNiZ0= b2tlbj1leUoxYzJWeVgybGtJam95TnpNMk1qSXpPVGdzSW5CdmMzUmZhV1FpT2pFNU16UTVNems= 0TkN3aWFXRjBJam94TnpjMU5UZzFNRGM1TENKbGVIQWlPakUzTnpneE56Y3dOemtzSW1semN5ST= ZJbkIxWWkwek16WTFNelkzSWl3aWMzVmlJam9pY0c5emRDMXlaV0ZqZEdsdmJpSjkucWxCMDllZ= lFOM3d1Y0lwLUw4SjBjUlE2SFV4NHN3X1E2WEg2Tnd0ZnVEdyIsInAiOjE5MzQ5Mzk4NCwicyI6= MzM2NTM2NywiZiI6dHJ1ZSwidSI6MjczNjIyMzk4LCJpYXQiOjE3NzU1ODUwNzksImV4cCI6MjA= 5MTE2MTA3OSwiaXNzIjoicHViLTAiLCJzdWIiOiJsaW5rLXJlZGlyZWN0In0.fzOvuyAXTq6f-P= H5oyNtPGNN-QsOcORsteDVNwSjJIA?&utm_source=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail" st= yle=3D"font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',R= oboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Sego= e UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0= ,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;li= ne-height: 1;padding: 9px 0;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);m= in-width: 38px;box-sizing: border-box;width: 38px"><img class=3D"icon" src= =3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ubXF!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto= :good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2Fnotes__NoteR= estackIcon%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26str= okeWidth%3D2%26strokeLinecap%3Dround%26strokeLinejoin%3Dround" width=3D"18"= height=3D"18" alt=3D"" style=3D"max-width: 550px;border: none !important;v= ertical-align: middle;"></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></t= able></td><td align=3D"right"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" b= order=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"ver= tical-align:middle;"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"= 0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center"><a c= lass=3D"email-button-outline" href=3D"https://open.substack.com/pub/derekpr= uski/p/why-you-should-not-refrigerate-amino?utm_source=3Demail&redirect=3Da= pp-store&utm_campaign=3Demail-read-in-app" style=3D"font-family: system-ui,= -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-ser= if,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-b= lock;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px= ;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 12px;padding: 9px 1= 4px;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);"><div class=3D"email-but= ton-spacer" style=3D"font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;display: inline-bloc= k;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 0;min-height: 18px;"></div><span class= =3D"email-button-text" style=3D"vertical-align: middle;margin-right: 4px">R= EAD IN APP</span><img class=3D"icon text-icon" src=3D"https://substackcdn.c= om/image/fetch/$s_!ET-_!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:stee= p/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideArrowUpRight%3Fv%3D4%26height%3= D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width=3D"18" he= ight=3D"18" style=3D"min-width: 18px;min-height: 18px;border: none;vertical= -align: middle;margin-right: 0;margin-left: 0;max-width: 18px" alt=3D""></a= ></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></ta= ble></td></tr><tr height=3D"16"><td height=3D"16" style=3D"font-size:0px;li= ne-height:0;"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class=3D"pos= t typography" dir=3D"auto" style=3D"--image-offset-margin: -120px;padding: = 32px 0 0 0;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;"><div class=3D"body markup" d= ir=3D"auto" style=3D"text-align: initial;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;= width: 100%;word-break: break-word;margin-bottom: 16px;"><p style=3D"margin= : 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;margin-= top: 0;">This comes up constantly and the answer surprises most people: ami= no-based blends like Lipo-C, L-Carnitine, and similar compounded solutions = are typically best stored at room temperature — refrigerating them ca= n actually cause problems.</p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,= 55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">I actually struggled a lot with = this as a beginner, as I couldn’t find the correct answer and refrige= rated a lot of my amino blends. I never saw issues, but as I learn more, I = want to spread the correct storage instructions.</p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0= 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">Here’= ;s why.</p><div class=3D"video-player-with-background is-static video-playe= r-wrapper" role=3D"region" aria-label=3D"Video player" style=3D"flex-grow: = 1;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;margin-top: 0.5em;"><a class=3D"video-p= layer video-player-with-background" href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/7= 11f7f16-5fc9-4973-b483-e663f35ebb50?j=3DeyJ1IjoiNGl3b2U2In0.sVDxRtmZ85v8kfd= amY0krRXGMy3p768BWtuZifRB-Zs" style=3D"position: relative;display: block;wi= dth: 100%;cursor: pointer;background-color: rgb(0,0,0);height: auto;border-= radius: 8px;padding-bottom: 0"><img class=3D"video-player-preview" width=3D= "550" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z0M-!,w_1100,h_1100,c_= pad,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/l_play_button_usfui2,w_144,e_co= lorize:0/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-video.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fvideo_upload%2Fpos= t%2F193493984%2F89224621-4555-418e-9ff1-182985e4598e%2Ftranscoded-00001.png= " data-component-name=3D"VideoPlayer-PreviewImg" data-testid=3D"video-playe= r-static-preview-image" style=3D"border: none !important;vertical-align: mi= ddle;display: block;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;max-width: 100%;height:= auto;margin: 0 auto;width: 100%;max-height: 100%;background: black;cursor:= pointer;position: relative;border-radius: 8px;"></a></div><p style=3D"marg= in: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">Wha= t’s in these blends</p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,5= 5,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">Lipo-C and similar formulas typic= ally contain a mix of water-soluble compounds — things like L-Carniti= ne, Methionine, Inositol, Choline, B12, and various B vitamins. Think of it= like a very concentrated liquid vitamin and amino acid mix. All of these i= ngredients are dissolved into water at high concentrations to create the fi= nal solution in the vial.</p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,5= 5,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">The refrigeration problem: precip= itation</p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height:= 26px;font-size: 16px;">When you cool down a liquid solution, the ingredien= ts dissolved in it have a harder time staying dissolved. It’s the sam= e reason sugar stops dissolving in cold water as easily as it does in warm = water — cold liquid simply can’t hold as much dissolved materia= l.</p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px= ;font-size: 16px;">With high-concentration amino blends, this means the ing= redients can start to fall out of the solution and form visible crystals or= particles at the bottom or sides of the vial. This is called precipitation= =2E</p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;co= lor: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;= font-size: 16px;">You may notice:</p><ul style=3D"margin-top: 0;padding: 0;= "><li style=3D"margin: 8px 0 0 32px;mso-special-format: bullet;"><p style= =3D"color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 0;box-sizing: bor= der-box;padding-left: 4px;font-size: 16px;margin: 0;">Cloudiness in the via= l</p></li><li style=3D"margin: 8px 0 0 32px;mso-special-format: bullet;"><p= style=3D"color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 0;box-sizin= g: border-box;padding-left: 4px;font-size: 16px;margin: 0;">Visible crystal= s or white particles</p></li><li style=3D"margin: 8px 0 0 32px;mso-special-= format: bullet;"><p style=3D"color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;margin-= bottom: 0;box-sizing: border-box;padding-left: 4px;font-size: 16px;margin: = 0;">A solution that looked fine when cold but was already compromised</p></= li></ul><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26= px;font-size: 16px;">The compound hasn’t necessarily “gone bad&= #8221; in the traditional sense, but once ingredients have fallen out of so= lution, the liquid is no longer evenly mixed. That means the research subje= ct is not getting a consistent, accurately dosed solution — and that = matters for any protocol.</p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,5= 5,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">What about bacterial growth?</p><= p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-s= ize: 16px;">The instinct behind refrigerating is reasonable: cold slows bac= teria. That’s true. But properly manufactured amino blends already in= clude a preservative — most commonly benzyl alcohol — specifica= lly to prevent bacterial growth inside the vial. The preservative does that= job. The cold isn’t adding meaningful protection for a sealed, prope= rly made vial.</p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-= height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">Once a vial is opened and in active use, the= preservative continues protecting the solution at room temperature across = a normal use window.</p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55)= ;line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">So what actually causes degradation?</= p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;fon= t-size: 16px;">The real enemies of amino blends are:</p><ul style=3D"margin= -top: 0;padding: 0;"><li style=3D"margin: 8px 0 0 32px;mso-special-format: = bullet;"><p style=3D"color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: = 0;box-sizing: border-box;padding-left: 4px;font-size: 16px;margin: 0;">Ligh= t exposure — B12 in particular breaks down quickly when exposed to di= rect light. Keep vials away from windows and out of direct sunlight.</p></l= i><li style=3D"margin: 8px 0 0 32px;mso-special-format: bullet;"><p style= =3D"color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 0;box-sizing: bor= der-box;padding-left: 4px;font-size: 16px;margin: 0;">Extreme heat — = room temperature is fine; leaving vials in a hot car or near a heat source = is not.</p></li><li style=3D"margin: 8px 0 0 32px;mso-special-format: bulle= t;"><p style=3D"color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 0;box= -sizing: border-box;padding-left: 4px;font-size: 16px;margin: 0;">Contamina= tion during use — using a fresh needle for each draw and maintaining = clean technique matters more than temperature management in most cases.</p>= </li></ul><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: = 26px;font-size: 16px;">Bottom line</p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color:= rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">Store amino blends in a = cool, dark place at room temperature. A drawer or cabinet away from windows= works perfectly. Refrigeration isn’t necessary, and for high-concent= ration solutions it introduces a real risk of the ingredients separating ou= t — which undermines dosing accuracy.</p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px= 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">If you ever ope= n a vial and notice cloudiness or particles that weren’t there before= , that’s worth paying attention to regardless of how it was stored.</= p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;fon= t-size: 16px;">As always, this is for educational purposes on research use = only.</p><div class=3D"subscribe-widget is-signed-up" data-component-name= =3D"SubscribeWidget" style=3D"margin: 0 0 1em;direction: ltr;font-size: 16p= x;line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 0;"><div class=3D"pencraft pc-reset butt= on-wrapper" style=3D"text-decoration: unset;list-style: none;font-size: 16p= x;line-height: 26px;text-align: center;cursor: pointer;border-radius: 4px;"= ><a class=3D"button subscribe-btn primary" href=3D"https://substack.com/red= irect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kZXJla3BydXNraS5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vc3Vic2NyaWJlP3V= 0bV9zb3VyY2U9cG9zdCZ1dG1fY2FtcGFpZ249ZW1haWwtY2hlY2tvdXQmbmV4dD1odHRwcyUzQS= UyRiUyRmRlcmVrcHJ1c2tpLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbSUyRnAlMkZ3aHkteW91LXNob3VsZC1ub3Qtc= mVmcmlnZXJhdGUtYW1pbm8mcj00aXdvZTYmdG9rZW49ZXlKMWMyVnlYMmxrSWpveU56TTJNakl6= T1Rnc0ltbGhkQ0k2TVRjM05UVTROVEEzT1N3aVpYaHdJam94TnpjNE1UYzNNRGM1TENKcGMzTWl= PaUp3ZFdJdE16TTJOVE0yTnlJc0luTjFZaUk2SW1Ob1pXTnJiM1YwSW4wLlBwX01vbWFKQTJaZE= 94SjNsLXJodlRDMnhLOUhZVm95dS1JRXctdTNPLXciLCJwIjoxOTM0OTM5ODQsInMiOjMzNjUzN= jcsImYiOnRydWUsInUiOjI3MzYyMjM5OCwiaWF0IjoxNzc1NTg1MDc5LCJleHAiOjIwOTExNjEw= NzksImlzcyI6InB1Yi0wIiwic3ViIjoibGluay1yZWRpcmVjdCJ9.Glq3sYuWL-srTyL0M5zGm-= 9z6u-lisq2n_cj7zAeoMc?&utm_medium=3Demail&utm_source=3Dsubscribe-widget&utm= _content=3D193493984" style=3D"font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMa= cSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji= ','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;box-sizing: bord= er-box;cursor: pointer;border: none;border-radius: 8px;font-size: 14px;line= -height: 20px;font-weight: 600;text-align: center;opacity: 1;outline: none;= white-space: nowrap;text-decoration: none !important;margin: 0 auto;backgro= und-color: #FF6719;color: #ffffff !important;padding: 12px 20px;height: aut= o;"><span style=3D"color: #ffffff;text-decoration: none;">Upgrade to paid</= span></a></div></div></div></div><div class=3D"container-border" style=3D"m= argin: 32px 0 0;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-top: 1px solid #e= 6e6e6;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;"></div><div class=3D"post-cta typo= graphy markup" style=3D"--image-offset-margin: -120px;text-align: initial;w= ord-break: break-word;margin-bottom: 32px;margin: 32px 0;font-size: 16px;li= ne-height: 26px;"><p style=3D"color: rgb(54,55,55);margin: 0 auto 20px;text= -align: center;width: 90%;line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;margin-top: 0;"= ><span class=3D"pencraft pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ" translated=3D"" style=3D"li= st-style: none;color: unset;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;">You're curre= ntly a free subscriber to <a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/a2f42592= -122c-4ee8-9c4b-330c5e2e0265?j=3DeyJ1IjoiNGl3b2U2In0.sVDxRtmZ85v8kfdamY0krR= XGMy3p768BWtuZifRB-Zs" style=3D"color: #ff6719;text-decoration: none;">Pept= ide Price</a>. For the full experience, <a href=3D"https://substack.com/red= irect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kZXJla3BydXNraS5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vc3Vic2NyaWJlP3V= 0bV9zb3VyY2U9cG9zdCZ1dG1fY2FtcGFpZ249ZW1haWwtY2hlY2tvdXQmbmV4dD1odHRwcyUzQS= UyRiUyRmRlcmVrcHJ1c2tpLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbSUyRnAlMkZ3aHkteW91LXNob3VsZC1ub3Qtc= mVmcmlnZXJhdGUtYW1pbm8mcj00aXdvZTYmdG9rZW49ZXlKMWMyVnlYMmxrSWpveU56TTJNakl6= T1Rnc0ltbGhkQ0k2TVRjM05UVTROVEEzT1N3aVpYaHdJam94TnpjNE1UYzNNRGM1TENKcGMzTWl= PaUp3ZFdJdE16TTJOVE0yTnlJc0luTjFZaUk2SW1Ob1pXTnJiM1YwSW4wLlBwX01vbWFKQTJaZE= 94SjNsLXJodlRDMnhLOUhZVm95dS1JRXctdTNPLXciLCJwIjoxOTM0OTM5ODQsInMiOjMzNjUzN= jcsImYiOnRydWUsInUiOjI3MzYyMjM5OCwiaWF0IjoxNzc1NTg1MDc5LCJleHAiOjIwOTExNjEw= NzksImlzcyI6InB1Yi0wIiwic3ViIjoibGluay1yZWRpcmVjdCJ9.Glq3sYuWL-srTyL0M5zGm-= 9z6u-lisq2n_cj7zAeoMc?&utm_source=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail&utm_content= =3Dpostcta" style=3D"color: #ff6719;text-decoration: none;">upgrade your su= bscription.</a></span></p><p class=3D"cta-box" style=3D"color: rgb(54,55,55= );margin: 0 auto 20px;width: 90%;line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;margin-b= ottom: 0;text-align: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;"><a class= =3D"button primary" role=3D"button" href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/2= /eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kZXJla3BydXNraS5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vc3Vic2NyaWJlP3V0bV9zb3= VyY2U9cG9zdCZ1dG1fY2FtcGFpZ249ZW1haWwtY2hlY2tvdXQmbmV4dD1odHRwcyUzQSUyRiUyR= mRlcmVrcHJ1c2tpLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbSUyRnAlMkZ3aHkteW91LXNob3VsZC1ub3QtcmVmcmln= ZXJhdGUtYW1pbm8mcj00aXdvZTYmdG9rZW49ZXlKMWMyVnlYMmxrSWpveU56TTJNakl6T1Rnc0l= tbGhkQ0k2TVRjM05UVTROVEEzT1N3aVpYaHdJam94TnpjNE1UYzNNRGM1TENKcGMzTWlPaUp3ZF= dJdE16TTJOVE0yTnlJc0luTjFZaUk2SW1Ob1pXTnJiM1YwSW4wLlBwX01vbWFKQTJaZE94SjNsL= XJodlRDMnhLOUhZVm95dS1JRXctdTNPLXciLCJwIjoxOTM0OTM5ODQsInMiOjMzNjUzNjcsImYi= OnRydWUsInUiOjI3MzYyMjM5OCwiaWF0IjoxNzc1NTg1MDc5LCJleHAiOjIwOTExNjEwNzksIml= zcyI6InB1Yi0wIiwic3ViIjoibGluay1yZWRpcmVjdCJ9.Glq3sYuWL-srTyL0M5zGm-9z6u-li= sq2n_cj7zAeoMc?&utm_source=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail&utm_content=3Dpost= cta" style=3D"font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Sego= e UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji= ','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;cursor: po= inter;border: none;height: 40px;border-radius: 8px;font-size: 14px;line-hei= ght: 20px;font-weight: 600;text-align: center;padding: 10px 20px;margin: 0;= opacity: 1;outline: none;white-space: nowrap;color: #ffffff !important;text= -decoration: none !important;background-color: #FF6719;">Upgrade to paid</a= ></p></div><table class=3D"email-ufi-2-bottom" role=3D"presentation" width= =3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D"border-= top: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);min-wid= th: 100%;"><tbody><tr height=3D"16"><td height=3D"16" style=3D"font-size:0p= x;line-height:0;"> </td></tr><tr><td><table class=3D"email-ufi-2-row" = role=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpad= ding=3D"0" style=3D"border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);"><tbody><tr><td= width=3D"95%"><table class=3D"email-button-outline-wrapper-full-width" rol= e=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpaddin= g=3D"0" style=3D"width: 95%;margin: 0 auto;"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center= "><a class=3D"email-button-outline full-width" href=3D"https://substack.com= /app-link/post?publication_id=3D3365367&post_id=3D193493984&utm_source=3Dsu= bstack&utm_medium=3Demail&utm_content=3Dshare&utm_campaign=3Demail-share&ac= tion=3Dshare&triggerShare=3Dtrue&isFreemail=3Dtrue&r=3D4iwoe6&token=3DeyJ1c= 2VyX2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MzQ5Mzk4NCwiaWF0IjoxNzc1NTg1MDc5LCJl= eHAiOjE3NzgxNzcwNzksImlzcyI6InB1Yi0zMzY1MzY3Iiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ= 9.qlB09efQN3wucIp-L8J0cRQ6HUx4sw_Q6XH6NwtfuDw" style=3D"font-family: system= -ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans= -serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inli= ne-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 99= 99px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 12px;padding: 9= px 14px;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);width: 100%;padding-l= eft: 0;padding-right: 0;"><img class=3D"icon" src=3D"https://substackcdn.co= m/image/fetch/$s_!rmYa!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep= /https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideShare%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fi= ll%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width=3D"18" height=3D"= 18" style=3D"margin-right: 8px;min-width: 18px;min-height: 18px;border: non= e;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" alt=3D""><span class=3D"email-but= ton-text" style=3D"vertical-align: middle;">Share</span></a></td></tr></tbo= dy></table></td></tr><tr height=3D"16"><td height=3D"16" style=3D"font-size= :0px;line-height:0;"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr height= =3D"16"><td height=3D"16" style=3D"font-size:0px;line-height:0;"> </td= ></tr><tr><td><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cell= spacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td><table role=3D"presentation"= width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D"m= argin:0 auto;"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><table role= =3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding= =3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center"><a class=3D"email-button-outline" hr= ef=3D"https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3D3365367&post_id= =3D193493984&utm_source=3Dsubstack&isFreemail=3Dtrue&submitLike=3Dtrue&toke= n=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MzQ5Mzk4NCwicmVhY3Rpb24iOiL= inaQiLCJpYXQiOjE3NzU1ODUwNzksImV4cCI6MTc3ODE3NzA3OSwiaXNzIjoicHViLTMzNjUzNj= ciLCJzdWIiOiJyZWFjdGlvbiJ9.TSTFETahdsJ65M9Ay7cPCyaddHHd-ruM9tL6Sv_P8jo&utm_= medium=3Demail&utm_campaign=3Demail-reaction&r=3D4iwoe6" style=3D"font-fami= ly: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,= Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';dis= play: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-= radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 12px;= padding: 9px 14px;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);"><img clas= s=3D"icon" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PeVs!,w_36,c_scal= e,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%= 2FLucideHeart%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26= strokeWidth%3D2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" style=3D"margin-right: 8px;min-= width: 18px;min-height: 18px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width:= 18px" alt=3D""><span class=3D"email-button-text" style=3D"vertical-align: = middle;">Like</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width=3D"8" styl= e=3D"min-width:8px;"></td><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><table role= =3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding= =3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center"><a class=3D"email-button-outline" hr= ef=3D"https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3D3365367&post_id= =3D193493984&utm_source=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail&isFreemail=3Dtrue&com= ments=3Dtrue&token=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MzQ5Mzk4NC= wiaWF0IjoxNzc1NTg1MDc5LCJleHAiOjE3NzgxNzcwNzksImlzcyI6InB1Yi0zMzY1MzY3Iiwic= 3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.qlB09efQN3wucIp-L8J0cRQ6HUx4sw_Q6XH6NwtfuDw&r= =3D4iwoe6&utm_campaign=3Demail-half-magic-comments&action=3Dpost-comment&ut= m_source=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail" style=3D"font-family: system-ui,-ap= ple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,= 'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-bloc= k;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;te= xt-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 12px;padding: 9px 14px= ;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);"><img class=3D"icon" src=3D= "https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x1tS!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:go= od,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideComments%= 3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D= 2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" style=3D"margin-right: 8px;min-width: 18px;mi= n-height: 18px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" alt=3D"= "><span class=3D"email-button-text" style=3D"vertical-align: middle;">Comme= nt</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width=3D"8" style=3D"min-wi= dth:8px;"></td><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><table role=3D"presenta= tion" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbod= y><tr><td align=3D"center"><a class=3D"email-button-outline" href=3D"https:= //substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9vcGVuLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9wdWIvZ= GVyZWtwcnVza2kvcC93aHkteW91LXNob3VsZC1ub3QtcmVmcmlnZXJhdGUtYW1pbm8_dXRtX3Nv= dXJjZT1zdWJzdGFjayZ1dG1fbWVkaXVtPWVtYWlsJnV0bV9jYW1wYWlnbj1lbWFpbC1yZXN0YWN= rLWNvbW1lbnQmYWN0aW9uPXJlc3RhY2stY29tbWVudCZyPTRpd29lNiZ0b2tlbj1leUoxYzJWeV= gybGtJam95TnpNMk1qSXpPVGdzSW5CdmMzUmZhV1FpT2pFNU16UTVNems0TkN3aWFXRjBJam94T= npjMU5UZzFNRGM1TENKbGVIQWlPakUzTnpneE56Y3dOemtzSW1semN5STZJbkIxWWkwek16WTFN= elkzSWl3aWMzVmlJam9pY0c5emRDMXlaV0ZqZEdsdmJpSjkucWxCMDllZlFOM3d1Y0lwLUw4SjB= jUlE2SFV4NHN3X1E2WEg2Tnd0ZnVEdyIsInAiOjE5MzQ5Mzk4NCwicyI6MzM2NTM2NywiZiI6dH= J1ZSwidSI6MjczNjIyMzk4LCJpYXQiOjE3NzU1ODUwNzksImV4cCI6MjA5MTE2MTA3OSwiaXNzI= joicHViLTAiLCJzdWIiOiJsaW5rLXJlZGlyZWN0In0.fzOvuyAXTq6f-PH5oyNtPGNN-QsOcORs= teDVNwSjJIA?&utm_source=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail" style=3D"font-family= : system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Ar= ial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';displ= ay: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-ra= dius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 12px;pa= dding: 9px 14px;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);"><img class= =3D"icon" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ubXF!,w_36,c_scale= ,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2= Fnotes__NoteRestackIcon%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%252= 3808080%26strokeWidth%3D2%26strokeLinecap%3Dround%26strokeLinejoin%3Dround"= width=3D"18" height=3D"18" alt=3D"" style=3D"margin-right: 8px;min-width: = 18px;min-height: 18px;max-width: 550px;border: none !important;vertical-ali= gn: middle;"><span class=3D"email-button-text" style=3D"vertical-align: mid= dle;">Restack</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table= ></td><td align=3D"right"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" borde= r=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr></tr></tbody></table= ></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr height=3D"16"><td height=3D"16" st= yle=3D"font-size:0px;line-height:0;"> </td></tr></tbody></table><div c= lass=3D"footer footer-ZM59BM" style=3D"color: rgb(119,119,119);text-align: = center;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;padding: 24px0;"><div style=3D"fon= t-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;padding-bottom: 24px"><p class=3D"pencraft p= c-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s size-12-mmZ61m reset-IxiVJZ small meta-B2bqa= 5" style=3D"list-style: none;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacS= ystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji',= 'Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';padding-bottom: 0;font-size: 12px;line-h= eight: 16px;margin: 0;color: rgb(119,119,119);text-decoration: unset;">= 9; 2026 <span>Derek Pruski</span><br>548 Market Street PMB 72296, San Franc= isco, CA 94104 <br><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0c= HM6Ly9kZXJla3BydXNraS5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vYWN0aW9uL2Rpc2FibGVfZW1haWw_dG9rZW49= ZXlKMWMyVnlYMmxrSWpveU56TTJNakl6T1Rnc0luQnZjM1JmYVdRaU9qRTVNelE1TXprNE5Dd2l= hV0YwSWpveE56YzFOVGcxTURjNUxDSmxlSEFpT2pFNE1EY3hNakV3Tnprc0ltbHpjeUk2SW5CMV= lpMHpNelkxTXpZM0lpd2ljM1ZpSWpvaVpHbHpZV0pzWlY5bGJXRnBiQ0o5Lnh4a1JqSHFSOFVGS= FB3ZU9yRGFDSk1qSFIyWDY5QzdSQUdSWXVuRVJQYWsiLCJwIjoxOTM0OTM5ODQsInMiOjMzNjUz= NjcsImYiOnRydWUsInUiOjI3MzYyMjM5OCwiaWF0IjoxNzc1NTg1MDc5LCJleHAiOjIwOTExNjE= wNzksImlzcyI6InB1Yi0wIiwic3ViIjoibGluay1yZWRpcmVjdCJ9.Sq05PxikDE_hAghKNd9Rm= a1_YsJ607rWBjraaWlrs5k?" style=3D"color: #ff6719;text-decoration: none;"><s= pan style=3D"color: rgb(119,119,119);text-decoration: underline;">Unsubscri= be</span></a></p></div><p class=3D"footerSection-EHR0jG small powered-by-su= bstack" style=3D"padding: 0 24px;font-size: 12px;line-height: 20px;margin: = 0;color: rgb(119,119,119);font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSyst= emFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Se= goe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';padding-bottom: 0;margin-top: 0;"><a href= =3D"https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vc2l= nbnVwP3V0bV9zb3VyY2U9c3Vic3RhY2smdXRtX21lZGl1bT1lbWFpbCZ1dG1fY29udGVudD1mb2= 90ZXImdXRtX2NhbXBhaWduPWF1dG9maWxsZWQtZm9vdGVyJmZyZWVTaWdudXBFbWFpbD10anBod= WhzQGdtYWlsLmNvbSZyPTRpd29lNiIsInAiOjE5MzQ5Mzk4NCwicyI6MzM2NTM2NywiZiI6dHJ1= ZSwidSI6MjczNjIyMzk4LCJpYXQiOjE3NzU1ODUwNzksImV4cCI6MjA5MTE2MTA3OSwiaXNzIjo= icHViLTAiLCJzdWIiOiJsaW5rLXJlZGlyZWN0In0.UoUJjnIReEwMxxAx0S5qCivYmOm4KnUB5G= 5APb5NyGU?" style=3D"color: #ff6719;text-decoration: none;display: inline-b= lock;margin: 0 4px;"><img src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lk= rL!,w_270,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsub= stack.com%2Fimg%2Femail%2Fpublish-button%402x.png" srcset=3D"https://substa= ckcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wgfj!,w_135,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progres= sive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Femail%2Fpublish-button.png, h= ttps://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LkrL!,w_270,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:go= od,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Femail%2Fpublish-= button%402x.png 2x, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KjtY!,w_405,c_l= imit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fi= mg%2Femail%2Fpublish-button%403x.png 3x" width=3D"135" alt=3D"Start writing= " height=3D"40" style=3D"max-width: 550px;border: none !important;vertical-= align: middle;"></a></p></div></div></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><img= src=3D"https://eotrx.substackcdn.com/open?token=3DeyJtIjoiPDIwMjYwNDA3MTgw= MzMzLjMuOTE0OWE0ZWQ0YjVmMDA2NUBtZy1kMS5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20-IiwidSI6MjczNjIyMzk= 4LCJyIjoidGpwaHVoc0BnbWFpbC5jb20iLCJkIjoibWctZDEuc3Vic3RhY2suY29tIiwicCI6MT= kzNDkzOTg0LCJ0IjoibmV3c2xldHRlciIsImEiOiJldmVyeW9uZSIsInMiOjMzNjUzNjcsImMiO= iJwb3N0IiwiZiI6dHJ1ZSwicG9zaXRpb24iOiJib3R0b20iLCJpYXQiOjE3NzU1ODUwNzksImV4= cCI6MTc3ODE3NzA3OSwiaXNzIjoicHViLTAiLCJzdWIiOiJlbyJ9.G64iiNqI0ZOyjygYiiNT25= 3TiRsw2Sak3WryLnzXEZI" alt=3D"" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" border=3D"0" style= =3D"height:1px !important;width:1px !important;border-width:0 !important;ma= rgin-top:0 !important;margin-bottom:0 !important;margin-right:0 !important;= margin-left:0 !important;padding-top:0 !important;padding-bottom:0 !importa= nt;padding-right:0 !important;padding-left:0 !important;"/><img width=3D"1"= height=3D"1" alt=3D"" src=3D"https://email.mg-d1.substack.com/o/eJw8kEmO8y= AQRk8Tdr-FKcYFZ7EYKg5_bLAY0vLtW06i3r5SPT19wXVcSz3tUVon0YLxVAdJ0M5KCaEF1ZTg7= tK2rJixuo5xcf3vqgyXmjys5MbxwMNd6IhgpI9gFGdeOR-VMJokyyiTlFM1awoAE0xmvp4wci_u= lEpx43Rf_8V5asO37sJzCmUnqS33iu8E2-tAcpUubsSEOaDFF9az5C9O0c4GuAGj-Yf080Cb8ad= t2DtWcgy_hLLvI6d-Lpid3zB-xcNvKbieSr5EAFKAVKTa_v94jEe7cbpeGe-sNnwsu0vZRqz4PO= poz0T6Z8fRsF4KpkAyBkaTl2W_AQAA__-OS3fW"></body></html> --bbbf46fced32586df359f06403343249915d03cb91aa8f8428d6b5a41b51--