Delivered-To: tjphuhs@gmail.com
Received: by 2002:a5d:530e:0:b0:439:fcfb:30e with SMTP id e14csp96504wrv;
        Fri, 3 Apr 2026 14:45:56 -0700 (PDT)
X-Received: by 2002:a05:6214:1d02:b0:8a4:58ff:f0f8 with SMTP id 6a1803df08f44-8a703d214edmr78891196d6.29.1775252755769;
        Fri, 03 Apr 2026 14:45:55 -0700 (PDT)
ARC-Seal: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; t=1775252755; cv=none;
        d=google.com; s=arc-20240605;
        b=EobgR83dMeYnXA5aPVrtQ7l8AzI37CMfQN+v49IFwS+qcukN8Ag43JxbrY0mbnbyYe
         FepSLq1t/UQlqIDzTw2kOen+HnVT2vJHLoMEfTcXKFa3iMFXe0AW26wm1xpn45zp6YSd
         8MJNPVGDx1na7Jo94Vv5FL5CjKdeGIdfjiAkhG9/9GD0b2sK9B9gzX/XPblUPXUfg/QW
         e8IuMr8eChKDM2uf6xkjAw6nbH4dlI9JvAov+lziBZla1dEzXQ3/2wHbGx3NO0qsoyxE
         6QJpmdv4JDg48xev4AC5mKwu1qQkCVCO+G4AJZRl4zkiUybOFjsya5yBtZQTJwHjy8L5
         Xm5A==
ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=google.com; s=arc-20240605;
        h=list-unsubscribe-post:list-unsubscribe:list-post:list-id
         :list-archive:list-url:list-owner:reply-to:in-reply-to:references
         :sender:feedback-id:date:message-id:to:from:subject:mime-version
         :dkim-signature:dkim-signature;
        bh=vSdH4q348WiKrz1DAl7IYcBH5tY2aiQKae1+OFXaNRE=;
        fh=9zP21OW67FFZD2VV42mGudo540Qp4aalMWxJB5kMYug=;
        b=Sb+A6a42tDow9+Qj53VMkgWrdsvmv2cQYWYa3I43OftoMkWbCYRgJuP+cc/P0p3TXK
         GSfBe6XMipNWNoMeRvdfvlmE78yv9iP0wQ5LvYziKWVeZnH3bvbihl3bl2/nuQP3er5P
         KFK2TyZ229RIfxggyl1fuexhXhqFaD8jfFbodmrAi9d8ave4cCArsZgBtS6zVu0Hoeeh
         ZoICtRnRajjQthc8J1GUcHaOc3hSlqt72h1EzxuineT/fVeENiDNvEs54FQWVYOcNvNL
         sGaEVrYpmoRkdYs1kWTWJ0aVnCYthM2FogTDlKDhEIaR7bIFSDU6jhnczrBdzvwgdcM4
         Iv/g==;
        dara=google.com
ARC-Authentication-Results: i=1; mx.google.com;
       dkim=pass header.i=@mg-d1.substack.com header.s=k1 header.b=eapw8HfT;
       dkim=pass header.i=@mailgun.org header.s=mg header.b="Rx+Kau5/";
       spf=pass (google.com: domain of bounce+30b528.39b08c6-tjphuhs=gmail.com@mg-d1.substack.com designates 159.112.244.25 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom="bounce+30b528.39b08c6-tjphuhs=gmail.com@mg-d1.substack.com";
       dmarc=pass (p=REJECT sp=REJECT dis=NONE) header.from=substack.com
Return-Path: <bounce+30b528.39b08c6-tjphuhs=gmail.com@mg-d1.substack.com>
Received: from v525.v5375b7fa.use4.send.mailgun.net (v525.v5375b7fa.use4.send.mailgun.net. [159.112.244.25])
        by mx.google.com with UTF8SMTPS id 6a1803df08f44-8a5973e74e9si110320216d6.197.2026.04.03.14.45.55
        for <tjphuhs@gmail.com>
        (version=TLS1_2 cipher=ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 bits=128/128);
        Fri, 03 Apr 2026 14:45:55 -0700 (PDT)
Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of bounce+30b528.39b08c6-tjphuhs=gmail.com@mg-d1.substack.com designates 159.112.244.25 as permitted sender) client-ip=159.112.244.25;
Authentication-Results: mx.google.com;
       dkim=pass header.i=@mg-d1.substack.com header.s=k1 header.b=eapw8HfT;
       dkim=pass header.i=@mailgun.org header.s=mg header.b="Rx+Kau5/";
       spf=pass (google.com: domain of bounce+30b528.39b08c6-tjphuhs=gmail.com@mg-d1.substack.com designates 159.112.244.25 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom="bounce+30b528.39b08c6-tjphuhs=gmail.com@mg-d1.substack.com";
       dmarc=pass (p=REJECT sp=REJECT dis=NONE) header.from=substack.com
DKIM-Signature: a=rsa-sha256; v=1; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=mg-d1.substack.com; q=dns/txt; s=k1; t=1775252755; x=1775259955;
 h=List-Unsubscribe-Post: List-Unsubscribe: List-Post: List-Id: List-Archive: List-Owner: Reply-To: In-Reply-To: References: Sender: Sender: Date: Message-Id: To: To: From: From: Subject: Subject: Content-Type: Mime-Version: X-Feedback-Id;
 bh=vSdH4q348WiKrz1DAl7IYcBH5tY2aiQKae1+OFXaNRE=;
 b=eapw8HfTZeHZjt4yHLxuy4It9C2tjI5dwG5sMdcD9TXQpK+NWV9cgvFxMFMOA5Y920W/Fv9nQW0ygdK7lgYdbmMw9x/oTisAnnAesvG30Ij0Jo/RHeMLN/Bpbus13TFNQ0bJx7ZU4jXTvFDtvhaALfor29jwIkCS3xYUks8AgXE=
DKIM-Signature: a=rsa-sha256; v=1; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=mailgun.org; q=dns/txt; s=mg; t=1775252755; x=1775259955;
 h=List-Unsubscribe-Post: List-Unsubscribe: List-Post: List-Id: List-Archive: List-Owner: Reply-To: In-Reply-To: References: Sender: Sender: Date: Message-Id: To: To: From: From: Subject: Subject: Content-Type: Mime-Version: X-Feedback-Id;
 bh=vSdH4q348WiKrz1DAl7IYcBH5tY2aiQKae1+OFXaNRE=;
 b=Rx+Kau5/nl5qmaIs8FUQYZYazFPgoSmpmg5LHPDSTxEHo1Hpn0ZN9ZdaJPrhz5oGHnWusDyxT1o9VNBpqSSMupcYyICHXlxhRVEdo94Pdq3x1ZVsGnhqPUMSt2xeO2CvHeR1LTS1p/oDil0ie4ozHf8TD2gH8VEWnViI9YWUzuA=
X-Mailgun-Sid: WyIxMWU0ZSIsInRqcGh1aHNAZ21haWwuY29tIiwiMzliMDhjNiJd
X-Feedback-Id: postmaster@mg-d1.substack.com:post:614a1297c57bbbe25fa40e08:mailgun
Received: by 49e938f1db870393a4d65e77c1fb0e952011b277cfe67ff34425515852b76b42 with HTTP
 id 69d0351329f95355fce321a7; Fri, 03 Apr 2026 21:45:55 GMT
X-Mailgun-Sending-Ip: 159.112.244.25
X-Mailgun-Batch-Id: 69d035133cfe59f61d852ff9
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
 boundary="dd0fbc1e53e0f776d8728ebb179b3a747a54d96db7fa5dd340639d55832a"
Subject: Sauna people, you want to know about this
From: Bryan Johnson from Bryan Johnson <bryanjohns0n@substack.com>
To: tjphuhs@gmail.com
X-Mailgun-Tag: post
X-Mailgun-Track-Clicks: false
Message-Id: <20260403214547.3.372a7168e04cd681@mg-d1.substack.com>
Date: Fri, 3 Apr 2026 21:45:47 +0000
Feedback-Id: post-193114951:cat-post:pub-5008442:substack
Sender: Bryan Johnson from Bryan Johnson <bryanjohns0n@substack.com>
References: <post-193114951@substack.com>
In-Reply-To: <post-193114951@substack.com>
Reply-To: Bryan Johnson from Bryan Johnson
 <reply+36z4g7&4iwoe6&&11efa54fee0089ae61468bd14201ee6b75bdb5bb6fb15cea4f49955cc09c57bb@mg1.substack.com>
List-Owner: <mailto:bryanjohns0n@substack.com>
List-Url: <https://bryanjohns0n.substack.com/>
List-Archive: <https://bryanjohns0n.substack.com/archive>
List-Id: <bryanjohns0n.substack.com>
List-Post: <https://bryanjohns0n.substack.com/p/sauna-people-you-want-to-know-about>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://bryanjohns0n.substack.com/action/disable_email/disable?token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MzExNDk1MSwiaWF0IjoxNzc1MjUyNzU0LCJleHAiOjE4MDY3ODg3NTQsImlzcyI6InB1Yi01MDA4NDQyIiwic3ViIjoiZGlzYWJsZV9lbWFpbCJ9.wcjrDpzuBp6JHI4fHW2-aODX80rvJL7-_TPfY-aXCIY&all_sections=true>
List-Unsubscribe-Post: List-Unsubscribe=One-Click
X-Mailgun-Variables: {"category": "post", "email_generated_at": "1775252754778", "is_freemail":
 "true", "post_audience": "everyone", "post_id": "193114951", "post_type":
 "newsletter", "pub_community_enabled": "true", "publication_id": "5008442",
 "subdomain": "bryanjohns0n", "user_id": "273622398"}

--dd0fbc1e53e0f776d8728ebb179b3a747a54d96db7fa5dd340639d55832a
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

View this post on the web at https://bryanjohns0n.substack.com/p/sauna-peop=
le-you-want-to-know-about

I baked in a 195=C2=B0F (90=C2=B0C) dry sauna for 38 minutes.
It was painful.
It was also the minimum necessary to saunamaxx.=20
Many think that sweating is the goal.  The goal is to get your core body te=
mperature to 102.2=C2=B0F (39=C2=B0C). Below that threshold you=E2=80=99re =
getting maybe half the health benefits sauna offers.
The thing that most surprised me from this experiment is experiencing what =
102.2 =C2=B0F (39=C2=B0 C) actually feels like. The level of discomfort.=20
The big sauna benefits happen when your core body temp reaches 102.2 =C2=B0=
F (39=C2=B0 C). At this temp, the body releases heat shock proteins (HSPs).=
 They act inside your cells as molecular chaperones, catching misfolded pro=
teins and refolding them before they clump together. Protecting metabolism,=
 brain function, and cellular longevity.
I wanted to verify that my sauna protocol was getting my core body temp to =
102.2 =C2=B0F (39=C2=B0 C), and even up to 103=C2=B0F (39.4=C2=B0 C). To do=
 that, I had two options, a rectal probe or swallow a jelly bean sized pill=
=2E I opted for the pill. The pill then=
 goes through my digestive track, read=
ing out my core body temperature every 30 seconds until it exits on the oth=
er side.=20
 Up until now, I was relying upon an ear probe which has a ~1=C2=B0F (0.5=
=C2=B0C) error margin.
What shown in the image below:=20
1. My core body temperature hit a peak of 102.65=C2=B0F (39.25=C2=B0C), the=
 heat shock protein activation threshold.=20
2. The dry sauna temp was 195=C2=B0F (90.5=C2=B0C).=20
3. I was in the sauna for about 38 minutes.=20
4. My subjective experience: I was dying.=20
5. My waking baseline core body temp hit a trough of 96.08=C2=B0F (35.6=C2=
=B0C) before activity.
6. Pre-sauna exercise elevated core temperature by 2.52=C2=B0F (1.4=C2=B0C)=
, aided by natural circadian rhythm following wake-up.
7. Sauna increased my core temperature by an additional 3.6=C2=B0F (2=C2=B0=
C)
8. I sat at 195=C2=B0F and my core temp didn=E2=80=99t budge for 16 minutes=
=2E=20
9. After leaving the sauna, I cooled down 15.8% faster than I heated up. 10=
=2E Both the long lag and faster coo=
ling indicate heat acclamation (I=E2=80=
=99ve done over 200 sauna sessions in the past year).
The reading form the temperature gauge inside the sauna, at my eye level.=
=20
CAVEAT
Does this mean you need to sit in a dry sauna at 195=C2=B0F (90.5=C2=B0C) f=
or 38 minutes? Not necessarily.
In this session I was cooling my face and neck to test whether active cooli=
ng could prevent thermal skin damage. That cooling worked against my core t=
emperature rise, extending the time needed to hit the HSP threshold. The 40=
 minutes reflects that tradeoff.
We will next experiment by removing the cooling to evaluate the time to hit=
 the heat shock threshold of 102.65=C2=B0F (39.25=C2=B0C).=20
Here is some of what we know about sauna, core temperature, and heat shock =
protein activation.
Dry sauna is unique in engaging cardiovascular, skin, and molecular respons=
es to thermal challenges.
While the cardiovascular, skin and detox (sweating) benefits are already ob=
tainable at smaller core temperature increases, starting with 0.36-0.9=C2=
=B0F (0.2-0.5=C2=B0C) shifts, the molecular heat responses including Heat S=
hock Protein expression and activation require more pronounced core tempera=
tures increases.
While this mechanism makes dry sauna safe and tolerable, it also means one =
must be highly intentional to achieve the deeper biological impacts associa=
ted with heat shock protein activation, including neuroprotection, long-ter=
m metabolic improvements and cellular longevity.
Evidence suggests a minimum threshold of approximately 102.2=C2=B0F (39=C2=
=B0C) is required for robust HSP induction, though this varies by cell and =
tissue type.
In vitro studies on human white blood cells indicate that 101.3=C2=B0F (38.=
5=C2=B0C) is insufficient for HSP induction (104=C2=B0F (40=C2=B0C) was suf=
ficient in the same study), whereas 102.2=C2=B0F (39=C2=B0C) significantly =
increases HSP70 (a key inducible protein) in monocytes.
Clinical observations in healthy young men showed that a core temperature r=
ise above 101.3=C2=B0F (38.5=C2=B0C) (reaching over 101.48=C2=B0F (38.6=C2=
=B0C)) during an initial sauna session induced HSP72. However, heat acclima=
tion by the 10th session limited the core temperature to 100.76=C2=B0F (38.=
2=C2=B0C), largely eroding the HSP response.
Hot water immersion protocol targeting a rectal temperature of 103.1=C2=B0F=
 (39.5=C2=B0C) for 60 minutes produced significant increases in both HSP27 =
and HSP70.
Heated exercise protocols reaching 103.1=C2=B0F (39.5=C2=B0C) resulted in m=
eaningful increases in HSP90, the initiator of the heat shock protein expre=
ssion cascade

Unsubscribe https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9icnlhbmpvaG5=
zMG4uc3Vic3RhY2suY29tL2FjdGlvbi9kaXNhYmxlX2VtYWlsP3Rva2VuPWV5SjFjMlZ5WDJsa0=
lqb3lOek0yTWpJek9UZ3NJbkJ2YzNSZmFXUWlPakU1TXpFeE5EazFNU3dpYVdGMElqb3hOemMxT=
WpVeU56VTBMQ0psZUhBaU9qRTRNRFkzT0RnM05UUXNJbWx6Y3lJNkluQjFZaTAxTURBNE5EUXlJ=
aXdpYzNWaUlqb2laR2x6WVdKc1pWOWxiV0ZwYkNKOS53Y2pyRHB6dUJwNkpISTRmSFcyLWFPRFg=
4MHJ2Skw3LV9UUGZZLWFYQ0lZIiwicCI6MTkzMTE0OTUxLCJzIjo1MDA4NDQyLCJmIjp0cnVlLC=
J1IjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsImlhdCI6MTc3NTI1Mjc1NCwiZXhwIjoyMDkwODI4NzU0LCJpc3MiOiJwd=
WItMCIsInN1YiI6ImxpbmstcmVkaXJlY3QifQ.U2X0Tbkb1mnKtiP064WWWhLGBM3hR03Mgf_ho=
uDPy6E?
--dd0fbc1e53e0f776d8728ebb179b3a747a54d96db7fa5dd340639d55832a
Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html lang=3D"en" dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"scrollbar-width: thin;scrollbar-colo=
r: rgb(219,219,219)rgb(255,255,255);"><head><meta charset=3D"utf-8"><title>=
Sauna people, you want to know about this </title><style>
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .typography .pullquote-align-left,
  .typography.editor .pullquote-align-left,
  .typography .pullquote-align-right,
  .typography.editor .pullquote-align-right,
  .typography .pullquote-align-wide,
  .typography.editor .pullquote-align-wide,
  .typography .pullquote-align-center,
  .typography.editor .pullquote-align-center {
    float: none;
    margin: 0 auto;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
  }
}
@media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none), (-ms-high-contrast: active) {
  .typography .markup table.image-wrapper img,
  .typography.editor .markup table.image-wrapper img,
  .typography .markup table.kindle-wrapper img,
  .typography.editor .markup table.kindle-wrapper img {
    max-width: 550px;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  .typography:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.ima=
ge2-offset-left),
  .typography.editor:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(=
> a.image2-offset-left) {
    margin-left: var(--image-offset-margin);
  }
  .typography:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.ima=
ge2-offset-right),
  .typography.editor:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(=
> a.image2-offset-right) {
    margin-right: var(--image-offset-margin);
  }
}
@media (min-width: 1300px) {
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-left)=
,
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offse=
t-left) {
    margin-left: var(--image-offset-margin);
  }
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-right=
),
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offse=
t-right) {
    margin-right: var(--image-offset-margin);
  }
}
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .typography,
  .typography.editor {
    /* Disable offset on mobile/tablet */
  }
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left),
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align=
-left),
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right)=
,
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align=
-right) {
    float: none;
    margin: 1em auto;
    max-width: 100%;
    width: auto;
    padding: 0;
  }
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left.t=
hefp),
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align=
-left.thefp),
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right.=
thefp),
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align=
-right.thefp) {
    margin: 1em auto;
  }
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-left)=
,
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offse=
t-left),
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-right=
),
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offse=
t-right) {
    margin: 1em auto;
  }
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left) =
=2Eimage2-inset,
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align=
-left) .image2-inset,
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right)=
 .image2-inset,
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align=
-right) .image2-inset {
    display: block;
    justify-content: initial;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .typography .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed,
  .typography.editor .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed {
    margin-top: 24px;
    margin-bottom: 24px;
  }
  .typography .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed:first-child,
  .typography.editor .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed:first-child {
    margin-top: 0px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup div.youtube-overlay,
  .typography.editor .markup div.youtube-overlay,
  .typography .markup div.vimeo-overlay,
  .typography.editor .markup div.vimeo-overlay {
    display: none !important;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 370px) {
  .typography .markup div.tiktok-wrap,
  .typography.editor .markup div.tiktok-wrap {
    width: calc(95vw - 32px);
    height: calc((95vw - 32px - 2px) / 0.485714);
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup div.embedded-publication-wrap .embedded-publication.s=
how-subscribe,
  .typography.editor .markup div.embedded-publication-wrap .embedded-public=
ation.show-subscribe {
    padding: 24px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-widget.sho=
w-subscribe,
  .typography.editor .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-wid=
get.show-subscribe,
  .typography .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscription-wid=
get.show-subscribe,
  .typography.editor .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscript=
ion-widget.show-subscribe,
  .typography .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget.show-s=
ubscribe,
  .typography.editor .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget=
=2Eshow-subscribe {
    padding: 0px 24px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-widget.sho=
w-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
  .typography.editor .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-wid=
get.show-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
  .typography .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscription-wid=
get.show-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
  .typography.editor .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscript=
ion-widget.show-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
  .typography .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget.show-s=
ubscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
  .typography.editor .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget=
=2Eshow-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button {
    padding: 10px 12px;
    min-width: 110px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup .twitter-embed,
  .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed,
  .typography .markup .tweet,
  .typography.editor .markup .tweet {
    padding: 12px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-text,
  .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-text,
  .typography .markup .tweet .tweet-text,
  .typography.editor .markup .tweet .tweet-text {
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 20px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.two,
  .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.two,
  .typography .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.two,
  .typography.editor .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.two,
  .typography .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.three,
  .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.three,
  .typography .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.three,
  .typography.editor .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.three,
  .typography .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.four,
  .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.four,
  .typography .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.four,
  .typography.editor .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.four {
    height: 200px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup .twitter-embed a.expanded-link .expanded-link-img,
  .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed a.expanded-link .expanded-link-=
img,
  .typography .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-img,
  .typography.editor .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-img {
    max-height: 180px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup .twitter-embed a.expanded-link .expanded-link-descrip=
tion,
  .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed a.expanded-link .expanded-link-=
description,
  .typography .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-description,
  .typography.editor .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-descript=
ion {
    display: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup .apple-podcast-container,
  .typography.editor .markup .apple-podcast-container {
    width: unset;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
  .typography .markup .install-substack-app-embed img.install-substack-app-=
embed-img,
  .typography.editor .markup .install-substack-app-embed img.install-substa=
ck-app-embed-img {
    margin: 0 auto 16px auto;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
  .typography .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-emb=
ed-text,
  .typography.editor .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-=
app-embed-text {
    margin: 0 0 12px 0;
    max-width: 100%;
    width: auto;
    text-align: center;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
  .typography .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-emb=
ed-link,
  .typography.editor .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-=
app-embed-link {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
  .share-button-container {
    height: 38px;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
  .share-button-container a.comment {
    height: 38px;
    line-height: 38px;
    padding-right: 10px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
  .share-button-container .separator {
    display: block;
    margin: 0;
    height: 8px;
    border-left: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
  .share-button-container a.share.first img {
    padding-left: 0;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
  .share-button-container a.mobile {
    display: none !important;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
  .settings-add-pub-modal-wrapper .container .add-recommending-pub-modal-co=
ntainer {
    padding: 36px;
    height: 680px;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
  .settings-add-pub-modal-wrapper .container .add-recommending-pub-modal-co=
ntainer .footer {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 36px;
    margin: 0px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .header-anchor-parent {
    display: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
  .post {
    padding: 16px 0 0 0;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post .post-header .post-label {
    margin-top: 8px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post .post-header .meta-author-wrap.alternative-meta .meta-right-column =
=2Epost-meta {
    margin-top: 6px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post .footer-facepile-container {
    height: 64px;
    padding: 0 16px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    width: 100%;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post .post-footer.use-separators {
    justify-content: center;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post .post-footer.next-prev {
    height: 64px;
    justify-content: space-between;
    box-sizing: border-box;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-table {
    display: block;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-table-row {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: row;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-userhead-cell,
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-body-cell {
    display: block;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-body-cell {
    flex-grow: 1;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-body-table {
    display: block;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-body-table-row {
    display: block;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-copy-cell,
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-controls-cell {
    display: block;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-copy-cell {
    margin: 0 0 16px 0;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-controls-cell {
    width: auto;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-controls {
    margin: auto;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-controls .button.primary {
    width: 100%;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-text {
    font-size: 14px;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 768px) {
  .post-silhouette {
    padding: 32px 0;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post-silhouette .post-silhouette-title {
    margin-top: 10.44225025px;
    height: 120px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post-silhouette .post-silhouette-meta {
    width: 75%;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post-silhouette .post-silhouette-meta.with-byline-image {
    margin: 20px 0;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .use-theme-bg .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item,
  .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item {
    padding-right: 16px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 370px) {
  .use-theme-bg .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item,
  .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item {
    font-size: 14px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .use-theme-bg .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item.guest-author-pu=
blication,
  .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item.guest-author-publication {
    display: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 370px) {
  .post-meta .post-meta-item .post-meta-button {
    height: 36px !important;
    /* important to override in-line height style on emails */
  }
  .post-meta .post-meta-item .post-meta-button .meta-button-label {
    display: none;
  }
  .post-meta .post-meta-item .post-meta-button > svg {
    margin-right: 0;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 370px) {
  .post-meta .post-meta-item {
    font-size: 12px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post .floating-subscribe-button {
    bottom: 20px;
    right: 20px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  body .pullquote-align-left,
  body .pullquote-align-right,
  body .pullquote-align-wide,
  body .pullquote-align-center {
    float: none;
    margin: 0 auto;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
  }
}
@media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none), (-ms-high-contrast: active) {
  body .markup table.image-wrapper img,
  body .markup table.kindle-wrapper img {
    max-width: 550px;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  body:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-off=
set-left) {
    margin-left: var(--image-offset-margin);
  }
  body:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-off=
set-right) {
    margin-right: var(--image-offset-margin);
  }
}
@media (min-width: 1300px) {
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-left) {
    margin-left: var(--image-offset-margin);
  }
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-right) {
    margin-right: var(--image-offset-margin);
  }
}
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  body {
    /* Disable offset on mobile/tablet */
  }
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left),
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right) {
    float: none;
    margin: 1em auto;
    max-width: 100%;
    width: auto;
    padding: 0;
  }
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left.thefp),
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right.thefp) =
{
    margin: 1em auto;
  }
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-left),
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-right) {
    margin: 1em auto;
  }
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left) .image2=
-inset,
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right) .image=
2-inset {
    display: block;
    justify-content: initial;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  body .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed {
    margin-top: 24px;
    margin-bottom: 24px;
  }
  body .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed:first-child {
    margin-top: 0px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup div.youtube-overlay,
  body .markup div.vimeo-overlay {
    display: none !important;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 370px) {
  body .markup div.tiktok-wrap {
    width: calc(95vw - 32px);
    height: calc((95vw - 32px - 2px) / 0.485714);
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup div.embedded-publication-wrap .embedded-publication.show-sub=
scribe {
    padding: 24px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subsc=
ribe,
  body .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscription-widget.sho=
w-subscribe,
  body .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subscrib=
e {
    padding: 0px 24px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subsc=
ribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
  body .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscription-widget.sho=
w-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
  body .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subscrib=
e .subscription-widget-subscribe .button {
    padding: 10px 12px;
    min-width: 110px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup .twitter-embed,
  body .markup .tweet {
    padding: 12px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-text,
  body .markup .tweet .tweet-text {
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 20px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.two,
  body .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.two,
  body .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.three,
  body .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.three,
  body .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.four,
  body .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.four {
    height: 200px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup .twitter-embed a.expanded-link .expanded-link-img,
  body .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-img {
    max-height: 180px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup .twitter-embed a.expanded-link .expanded-link-description,
  body .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-description {
    display: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup .apple-podcast-container {
    width: unset;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
  body .markup .install-substack-app-embed img.install-substack-app-embed-i=
mg {
    margin: 0 auto 16px auto;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
  body .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-embed-text=
 {
    margin: 0 0 12px 0;
    max-width: 100%;
    width: auto;
    text-align: center;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
  body .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-embed-link=
 {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 500px) {
  body .header a.logo {
    width: 42px;
    height: 42px;
    border-radius: 12px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 420px) {
  body .subscription-receipt table:first-of-type .subscription-amount .subs=
cription-discount {
    width: 72px !important;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
  body .share-button-container {
    height: auto;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
  body .share-button-container .separator {
    display: block !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    height: 8px !important;
    border-left: none !important;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .digest .item .post-meta-item.audience {
    display: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 500px) {
  .digest-publication .logo img {
    width: 42px;
    height: 42px;
    border-radius: 8px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .comments-page .container .comment-list .collapsed-reply {
    margin-left: calc(10 + 32px - 24px);
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .comment > .comment-list {
    padding-left: 24px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .finish-magic-login-modal .modal-content .container {
    padding: 24px 0;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .reader2-text-b3 {
    line-height: 24px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .reader2-text-h4 {
    line-height: 24px;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
  .user-profile-modal {
    padding-left: 12px;
    padding-right: 12px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .subscribe-widget form.form .sideBySideWrap button.rightButton {
    padding: 10px 12px;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
  .pub-icon:hover .logo-hover,
  .feed-item-icon:hover .logo-hover {
    display: block;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post-ufi.single-full-width-button .post-ufi-button-wrapper {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 16px;
  }
  .post-ufi.single-full-width-button .post-ufi-button-wrapper:empty {
    display: none;
  }
  .post-ufi.single-full-width-button .post-ufi-button {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
  .file-embed-wrapper {
    padding: 0;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
  .file-embed-wrapper-editor {
    padding: 0;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
  .file-embed-wrapper-editor:active {
    padding: 0;
  }
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .file-embed-button.wide,
  .file-embed-error-button.wide {
    display: none;
  }
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 630px) {
  .file-embed-button.narrow,
  .file-embed-error-button.narrow {
    display: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper .audio-player {
    min-width: 500px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper .audio-player .audio-player-progress {
    border-left-width: 16px;
    border-right-width: 16px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper .audio-player .audio-player-progress .audio-player-=
progress-bar .audio-player-progress-bar-popup {
    top: -54px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-progress {
    border-left-width: 16px;
    border-right-width: 16px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-progress .audio-p=
layer-progress-bar .audio-player-progress-bar-popup {
    top: -54px;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 250px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player {
    padding: 32px;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group {
    display: flex;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button:last-of-type=
 {
    display: block;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 300px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group {
    display: block;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button:first-of-typ=
e {
    display: block;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 350px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-substack-logo {
    display: block;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-title {
    margin-top: 16px;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-hero-image-contai=
ner {
    padding-top: 15%;
    width: 15%;
    display: block;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button:first-of-typ=
e {
    display: block;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-substack-logo {
    display: block;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 350px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-hero-image-contai=
ner {
    padding-top: 25%;
    width: 25%;
    display: block;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group {
    display: flex;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button:first-of-typ=
e {
    display: block;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 400px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-hero-image-contai=
ner {
    padding-top: 40%;
    width: 40%;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 400px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group {
    margin-top: 12px;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button {
    font-size: 13px;
    padding: 6px 12px;
    height: auto;
    margin-top: 10px;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-hero-image-contai=
ner {
    padding-top: 55%;
    width: 55%;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .poll-editor-modal {
    min-width: calc(100% - 20px);
  }
}
@media (max-width: 750px) {
  .poll-embed .poll-anchor-target .poll-anchor-copy-button {
    left: 8px;
    top: 45px;
  }
}</style></head><body class=3D"email-body" style=3D"font-kerning: auto;--im=
age-offset-margin: -120px;"><img src=3D"https://eotrx.substackcdn.com/open?=
token=3DeyJtIjoiPDIwMjYwNDAzMjE0NTQ3LjMuMzcyYTcxNjhlMDRjZDY4MUBtZy1kMS5zdWJ=
zdGFjay5jb20-IiwidSI6MjczNjIyMzk4LCJyIjoidGpwaHVoc0BnbWFpbC5jb20iLCJkIjoibW=
ctZDEuc3Vic3RhY2suY29tIiwicCI6MTkzMTE0OTUxLCJ0IjoibmV3c2xldHRlciIsImEiOiJld=
mVyeW9uZSIsInMiOjUwMDg0NDIsImMiOiJwb3N0IiwiZiI6dHJ1ZSwicG9zaXRpb24iOiJ0b3Ai=
LCJpYXQiOjE3NzUyNTI3NTQsImV4cCI6MTc3Nzg0NDc1NCwiaXNzIjoicHViLTAiLCJzdWIiOiJ=
lbyJ9.wQDrAAWWbC5CyXT3lreBj43okohGEtWMnUqr8NY94l0" alt=3D"" width=3D"1" hei=
ght=3D"1" border=3D"0" style=3D"height:1px !important;width:1px !important;=
border-width:0 !important;margin-top:0 !important;margin-bottom:0 !importan=
t;margin-right:0 !important;margin-left:0 !important;padding-top:0 !importa=
nt;padding-bottom:0 !important;padding-right:0 !important;padding-left:0 !i=
mportant;"/><div class=3D"preview" style=3D"display:none;font-size:1px;colo=
r:#333333;line-height:1px;max-height:0px;max-width:0px;opacity:0;overflow:h=
idden;">I baked in a 195&#176;F (90&#176;C) dry sauna for 38 minutes.</div>=
<div class=3D"preview" style=3D"display:none;font-size:1px;color:#333333;li=
ne-height:1px;max-height:0px;max-width:0px;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;">&#84=
7; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &=
#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; =
&#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847=
; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#=
173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &=
#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847;=
 &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#1=
73;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#=
8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; =
&nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#17=
3;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8=
199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &=
nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173=
;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#81=
99; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &n=
bsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;=
&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#819=
9; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nb=
sp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&=
#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199=
; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbs=
p; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#=
847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199;=
 &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp=
; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#8=
47; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; =
&#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp;=
 &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#84=
7; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &=
#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; =
&#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847=
; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#=
173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &=
#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847;=
 &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#1=
73;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#=
8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; =
&nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#17=
3;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8=
199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &=
nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173=
;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#81=
99; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &n=
bsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;=
&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#819=
9; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nb=
sp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&=
#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199=
; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbs=
p; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#=
847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199;=
 &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp=
; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#8=
47; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; =
&#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp;=
 &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#84=
7; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &=
#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; =
&#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847=
; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#=
173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &=
#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847;=
 &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#1=
73;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#=
8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; =
&nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#17=
3;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8=
199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &=
nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173=
;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#81=
99; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &n=
bsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;=
&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#819=
9; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nb=
sp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;</div><table class=3D"email-b=
ody-container" role=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacin=
g=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td></td><td class=3D"content" width=
=3D"550"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td class=3D"content" width=3D"550=
" align=3D"left"><div style=3D"font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;max-width:=
 550px;width: 100%;margin: 0 auto;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><table role=
=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=
=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"right" style=3D"height:20px;"><table role=3D=
"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D=
"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><span class=3D"pencraft=
 pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ tw-font-body tw-text-ssm tw-text-substack-secondary"=
 style=3D"font-family: SF Pro Text, -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSyste=
mFont, Inter, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Apple Color E=
moji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol;font-size: 13px;color: unset;list-sty=
le: none;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;"><div class=3D"pencraft pc-reset=
 align-right-VJbKw5 size-12-mmZ61m reset-IxiVJZ" style=3D"list-style: none;=
color: unset;text-align: right;font-size: 12px;line-height: 16px;text-decor=
ation: unset;margin: 0;"><span class=3D"pencraft pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ" tra=
nslated=3D"" style=3D"list-style: none;color: unset;text-decoration: unset;=
margin: 0;">Forwarded this email? <a class=3D"pencraft pc-reset decoration-=
underline-ClTkYc reset-IxiVJZ" href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJl=
IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9icnlhbmpvaG5zMG4uc3Vic3RhY2suY29tL3N1YnNjcmliZT91dG1fc291cmN=
lPWVtYWlsJnV0bV9jYW1wYWlnbj1lbWFpbC1zdWJzY3JpYmUmcj00aXdvZTYmbmV4dD1odHRwcy=
UzQSUyRiUyRmJyeWFuam9obnMwbi5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20lMkZwJTJGc2F1bmEtcGVvcGxlLXlvd=
S13YW50LXRvLWtub3ctYWJvdXQiLCJwIjoxOTMxMTQ5NTEsInMiOjUwMDg0NDIsImYiOnRydWUs=
InUiOjI3MzYyMjM5OCwiaWF0IjoxNzc1MjUyNzU0LCJleHAiOjIwOTA4Mjg3NTQsImlzcyI6InB=
1Yi0wIiwic3ViIjoibGluay1yZWRpcmVjdCJ9.jCNoQhj_JZH7DlCaqqsJdlXA1E-BoM2vMOne7=
sYsKU4?" style=3D"list-style: none;color: unset;text-decoration: unset;marg=
in: 0;-webkit-text-decoration-line: underline;text-decoration-line: underli=
ne;">Subscribe here</a> for more</span></div></span></td></tr></tbody></tab=
le></td></tr></tbody></table><div class=3D"post typography" dir=3D"auto" st=
yle=3D"--image-offset-margin: -120px;padding: 32px 0 0 0;font-size: 16px;li=
ne-height: 26px;"><div class=3D"post-header" role=3D"region" aria-label=3D"=
Post header" style=3D"font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;"><h1 class=3D"post=
-title published title-X77sOw" dir=3D"auto" style=3D"direction: auto;text-a=
lign: start;unicode-bidi: isolate;color: rgb(54,55,55);font-family: 'SF Pro=
 Display',-apple-system-headline,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont=
,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI=
 Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: bold;-webkit-font-smoothing: antiali=
ased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased;-webkit-appearance: optimizelegib=
ility;-moz-appearance: optimizelegibility;appearance: optimizelegibility;ma=
rgin: 0;line-height: 36px;font-size: 32px;"><a href=3D"https://substack.com=
/app-link/post?publication_id=3D5008442&post_id=3D193114951&utm_source=3Dpo=
st-email-title&utm_campaign=3Demail-post-title&isFreemail=3Dtrue&r=3D4iwoe6=
&token=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MzExNDk1MSwiaWF0IjoxNz=
c1MjUyNzU0LCJleHAiOjE3Nzc4NDQ3NTQsImlzcyI6InB1Yi01MDA4NDQyIiwic3ViIjoicG9zd=
C1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.IRZFsjlZEQV-um5j1fzGAXNR00vB_hDFK0Vq7AwrSVM" style=3D"color=
: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: none;">Sauna people, you want to know abou=
t this </a></h1><table class=3D"post-meta" role=3D"presentation" width=3D"1=
00%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D"margin: 1em =
0;height: 20px;align-items: center;"><tbody><tr><td><table role=3D"presenta=
tion" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbod=
y><tr><td><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspac=
ing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"=
><div class=3D"pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El=
 font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-y=
KDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA custom-css-email-post-author" style=3D"list-=
style: none;font-size: 11px;line-height: 20px;text-decoration: unset;color:=
 rgb(54,55,55);margin: 0;font-family: 'SF Compact',-apple-system,system-ui,=
-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-ser=
if,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 500;=
text-transform: uppercase;letter-spacing: .2px;"><a class=3D"pencraft pc-re=
set color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY=
2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBV=
A" style=3D"list-style: none;color: rgb(54,55,55);margin: 0;font-size: 11px=
;line-height: 20px;font-family: 'SF Compact',-apple-system,system-ui,-apple=
-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Ap=
ple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 500;text-t=
ransform: uppercase;letter-spacing: .2px;text-decoration: none" href=3D"htt=
ps://substack.com/@bryanjohns0n">Bryan Johnson</a></div></td></tr></tbody><=
/table></td></tr><tr><td><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=
=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical=
-align:middle;"><div class=3D"pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line=
-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC tran=
sform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA" style=3D"list-style: none;=
font-size: 11px;line-height: 20px;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119=
,119);margin: 0;font-family: 'SF Compact',-apple-system,system-ui,-apple-sy=
stem,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple=
 Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 500;text-tran=
sform: uppercase;letter-spacing: .2px;"><time datetime=3D"2026-04-03T21:45:=
47.102Z">Apr 3</time></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></ta=
ble></td><td align=3D"right"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" bo=
rder=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vert=
ical-align:middle;"><a href=3D"https://substack.com/@bryanjohns0n"><img cla=
ss=3D"custom-css-email-avatar avatar-QIQ5yR" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com=
/image/fetch/$s_!615f!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%=
2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba55f05d-ca20-42=
48-b193-dae39865acc8_200x200.jpeg" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;max-widt=
h: 550px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;width: 40px;height: 40px;min-w=
idth: 40px;min-height: 40px;object-fit: cover;margin: 0px;display: inline;b=
order-radius: 50%" width=3D"40" height=3D"40"></a></td></tr></tbody></table=
></td></tr></tbody></table><table class=3D"email-ufi-2-top" role=3D"present=
ation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" styl=
e=3D"border-top: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0=
,.1);min-width: 100%;"><tbody><tr height=3D"16"><td height=3D"16" style=3D"=
font-size:0px;line-height:0;">&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td><table role=3D"presen=
tation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tb=
ody><tr><td><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellsp=
acing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle=
;"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"38" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0"=
 cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center"><a class=3D"email-icon-b=
utton" href=3D"https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3D5008442&=
post_id=3D193114951&utm_source=3Dsubstack&isFreemail=3Dtrue&submitLike=3Dtr=
ue&token=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MzExNDk1MSwicmVhY3Rp=
b24iOiLinaQiLCJpYXQiOjE3NzUyNTI3NTQsImV4cCI6MTc3Nzg0NDc1NCwiaXNzIjoicHViLTU=
wMDg0NDIiLCJzdWIiOiJyZWFjdGlvbiJ9.FhZiwGTV3dUOyVXgUl5Or9NNov4pmNPZayCrCJomR=
qg&utm_medium=3Demail&utm_campaign=3Demail-reaction&r=3D4iwoe6" style=3D"fo=
nt-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Hel=
vetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symb=
ol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);=
border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height=
: 1;padding: 9px 0;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);min-width:=
 38px;box-sizing: border-box;width: 38px"><img class=3D"icon" src=3D"https:=
//substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PeVs!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_p=
rogressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideHeart%3Fv%3D4%26=
height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width=
=3D"18" height=3D"18" style=3D"border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-widt=
h: 18px" alt=3D""></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width=3D"8" style=
=3D"min-width:8px;"></td><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><table role=
=3D"presentation" width=3D"38" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=
=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center"><a class=3D"email-icon-button" href=
=3D"https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3D5008442&post_id=3D1=
93114951&utm_source=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail&isFreemail=3Dtrue&comment=
s=3Dtrue&token=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MzExNDk1MSwiaW=
F0IjoxNzc1MjUyNzU0LCJleHAiOjE3Nzc4NDQ3NTQsImlzcyI6InB1Yi01MDA4NDQyIiwic3ViI=
joicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.IRZFsjlZEQV-um5j1fzGAXNR00vB_hDFK0Vq7AwrSVM&r=3D4iw=
oe6&utm_campaign=3Demail-half-magic-comments&action=3Dpost-comment&utm_sour=
ce=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail" style=3D"font-family: system-ui,-apple-sy=
stem,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple=
 Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font=
-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-tra=
nsform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1;padding: 9px 0;text-decora=
tion: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);min-width: 38px;box-sizing: border-box;w=
idth: 38px"><img class=3D"icon" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/=
$s_!x1tS!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2=
Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideComments%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%2=
6stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" style=
=3D"border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" alt=3D""></a></td>=
</tr></tbody></table></td><td width=3D"8" style=3D"min-width:8px;"></td><td=
 style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"38"=
 border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"c=
enter"><a class=3D"email-icon-button" href=3D"https://substack.com/app-link=
/post?publication_id=3D5008442&post_id=3D193114951&utm_source=3Dsubstack&ut=
m_medium=3Demail&utm_content=3Dshare&utm_campaign=3Demail-share&action=3Dsh=
are&triggerShare=3Dtrue&isFreemail=3Dtrue&r=3D4iwoe6&token=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIj=
oyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MzExNDk1MSwiaWF0IjoxNzc1MjUyNzU0LCJleHAiOjE3N=
zc4NDQ3NTQsImlzcyI6InB1Yi01MDA4NDQyIiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.IRZFsjl=
ZEQV-um5j1fzGAXNR00vB_hDFK0Vq7AwrSVM" style=3D"font-family: system-ui,-appl=
e-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'A=
pple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;=
font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text=
-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1;padding: 9px 0;text-de=
coration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);min-width: 38px;box-sizing: border-b=
ox;width: 38px"><img class=3D"icon" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fe=
tch/$s_!_L14!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%=
2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideShare2%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone=
%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" style=
=3D"border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" alt=3D""></a></td>=
</tr></tbody></table></td><td width=3D"8" style=3D"min-width:8px;"></td><td=
 style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"38"=
 border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"c=
enter"><a class=3D"email-icon-button" href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect=
/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9vcGVuLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9wdWIvYnJ5YW5qb2huczBuL3Avc2F1=
bmEtcGVvcGxlLXlvdS13YW50LXRvLWtub3ctYWJvdXQ_dXRtX3NvdXJjZT1zdWJzdGFjayZ1dG1=
fbWVkaXVtPWVtYWlsJnV0bV9jYW1wYWlnbj1lbWFpbC1yZXN0YWNrLWNvbW1lbnQmYWN0aW9uPX=
Jlc3RhY2stY29tbWVudCZyPTRpd29lNiZ0b2tlbj1leUoxYzJWeVgybGtJam95TnpNMk1qSXpPV=
GdzSW5CdmMzUmZhV1FpT2pFNU16RXhORGsxTVN3aWFXRjBJam94TnpjMU1qVXlOelUwTENKbGVI=
QWlPakUzTnpjNE5EUTNOVFFzSW1semN5STZJbkIxWWkwMU1EQTRORFF5SWl3aWMzVmlJam9pY0c=
5emRDMXlaV0ZqZEdsdmJpSjkuSVJaRnNqbFpFUVYtdW01ajFmekdBWE5SMDB2Ql9oREZLMFZxN0=
F3clNWTSIsInAiOjE5MzExNDk1MSwicyI6NTAwODQ0MiwiZiI6dHJ1ZSwidSI6MjczNjIyMzk4L=
CJpYXQiOjE3NzUyNTI3NTQsImV4cCI6MjA5MDgyODc1NCwiaXNzIjoicHViLTAiLCJzdWIiOiJs=
aW5rLXJlZGlyZWN0In0.OWvgdfe9gtK5juWBmvoYfI1SYENDvDjnSV7Yhn-xLYs?&utm_source=
=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail" style=3D"font-family: system-ui,-apple-syst=
em,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple C=
olor Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-w=
eight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-trans=
form: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1;padding: 9px 0;text-decorati=
on: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);min-width: 38px;box-sizing: border-box;wid=
th: 38px"><img class=3D"icon" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s=
_!ubXF!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fs=
ubstack.com%2Ficon%2Fnotes__NoteRestackIcon%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3D=
none%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2%26strokeLinecap%3Dround%26str=
okeLinejoin%3Dround" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" alt=3D"" style=3D"max-width=
: 550px;border: none !important;vertical-align: middle;"></a></td></tr></tb=
ody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td align=3D"right"><table role=
=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=
=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><table role=3D"prese=
ntation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><t=
body><tr><td align=3D"center"><a class=3D"email-button-outline" href=3D"htt=
ps://open.substack.com/pub/bryanjohns0n/p/sauna-people-you-want-to-know-abo=
ut?utm_source=3Demail&redirect=3Dapp-store&utm_campaign=3Demail-read-in-app=
" style=3D"font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe U=
I',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','=
Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid r=
gb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12p=
x;line-height: 12px;padding: 9px 14px;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,=
119,119);"><div class=3D"email-button-spacer" style=3D"font-size: 16px;line=
-height: 26px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 0;min=
-height: 18px;"></div><span class=3D"email-button-text" style=3D"vertical-a=
lign: middle;margin-right: 4px">READ IN APP</span><img class=3D"icon text-i=
con" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ET-_!,w_36,c_scale,f_pn=
g,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLuci=
deArrowUpRight%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%2=
6strokeWidth%3D2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" style=3D"min-width: 18px;min-h=
eight: 18px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;margin-right: 0;margin-left=
: 0;max-width: 18px" alt=3D""></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbo=
dy></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr height=3D"16"><td height=
=3D"16" style=3D"font-size:0px;line-height:0;">&nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></ta=
ble></div></div><div class=3D"post typography" dir=3D"auto" style=3D"--imag=
e-offset-margin: -120px;padding: 32px 0 0 0;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26=
px;"><div class=3D"body markup" dir=3D"auto" style=3D"text-align: initial;f=
ont-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;width: 100%;word-break: break-word;margin-=
bottom: 16px;"><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-hei=
ght: 26px;font-size: 16px;margin-top: 0;"><span>I baked in a 195&#176;F (90=
&#176;C) dry sauna for 38 minutes.</span><br><br><span>It was painful.</spa=
n><br><br><span>It was also the minimum necessary to saunamaxx. </span><br>=
<br><span>Many think that sweating is the goal.  The goal is to get your co=
re body temperature to 102.2&#176;F (39&#176;C). Below that threshold you&#=
8217;re getting maybe half the health benefits sauna offers.</span><br><br>=
<span>The thing that most surprised me from this experiment is experiencing=
 what 102.2 &#176;F (39&#176; C) actually feels like. The level of discomfo=
rt. </span></p><blockquote style=3D"border-left: 4px solid #ff6719;margin: =
20px 0;padding: 0;"><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);mar=
gin-left: 20px;line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>The big sauna bene=
fits happen when your core body temp reaches 102.2 &#176;F (39&#176; C). At=
 this temp, the body releases heat shock proteins (HSPs). They act inside y=
our cells as molecular chaperones, catching misfolded proteins and refoldin=
g them before they clump together. Protecting metabolism, brain function, a=
nd cellular longevity.</span><br><br><span>I wanted to verify that my sauna=
 protocol was getting my core body temp to 102.2 &#176;F (39&#176; C), and =
even up to 103&#176;F (39.4&#176; C). To do that, I had two options, a rect=
al probe or swallow a jelly bean sized pill. I opted for the pill. The pill=
 then goes through my digestive track, reading out my core body temperature=
 every 30 seconds until it exits on the other side. </span><br><br><span> U=
p until now, I was relying upon an ear probe which has a ~1&#176;F (0.5&#17=
6;C)</span><strong> </strong><span>error margin.</span><br><br><span>What s=
hown in the image below: </span><br><span>1. My core body temperature hit a=
 peak of 102.65&#176;F (39.25&#176;C), the heat shock protein activation th=
reshold. </span><br><span>2. The dry sauna temp was 195&#176;F (90.5&#176;C=
). </span><br><span>3. I was in the sauna for about 38 minutes. </span><br>=
<span>4. My subjective experience: I was dying. </span><br><span>5. My waki=
ng baseline core body temp hit a trough of 96.08&#176;F (35.6&#176;C) befor=
e activity.</span><br><span>6. Pre-sauna exercise elevated core temperature=
 by 2.52&#176;F (1.4&#176;C), aided by natural circadian rhythm following w=
ake-up.</span><br><span>7. Sauna increased my core temperature by an additi=
onal 3.6&#176;F (2&#176;C)</span><br><span>8. I sat at 195&#176;F and my co=
re temp didn&#8217;t budge for 16 minutes. </span><br><span>9. After leavin=
g the sauna, I cooled down 15.8% faster than I heated up. 10. Both the long=
 lag and faster cooling indicate heat acclamation (I&#8217;ve done over 200=
 sauna sessions in the past year).</span></p><div class=3D"captioned-image-=
container-static" style=3D"margin-left: 20px;font-size: 16px;line-height: 2=
6px;margin: 32px auto;margin-bottom: 0;"><figure style=3D"width: 100%;margi=
n: 0 auto;"><table class=3D"image-wrapper" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cell=
spacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" data-component-name=3D"Image2ToDOMStatic" s=
tyle=3D"mso-padding-alt: 1em 0 1.6em;"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"text-align: =
center;"></td><td class=3D"content" align=3D"left" width=3D"1188" style=3D"=
text-align: center;"><a class=3D"image-link" target=3D"_blank" href=3D"http=
s://substack.com/redirect/91d960ea-a42d-457a-80f9-094407d179cb?j=3DeyJ1Ijoi=
NGl3b2U2In0.sVDxRtmZ85v8kfdamY0krRXGMy3p768BWtuZifRB-Zs" rel=3D"" style=3D"=
position: relative;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;padding: 0;wi=
dth: auto;height: auto;border: none;text-decoration: none;display: block;ma=
rgin: 0;"><img class=3D"wide-image" data-attrs=3D"{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;ht=
tps://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1400b679-ec43-4d45=
-b9b1-4a9fd64b05bf_1188x628.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quo=
t;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:628,&=
quot;width&quot;:1188,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:57799,=
&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jp=
eg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImag=
e&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bryanjohns0n.substa=
ck.com/i/193114951?img=3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com=
%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1400b679-ec43-4d45-b9b1-4a9fd64b05bf_1188x628.jpeg&quo=
t;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;=
:false}" alt=3D"" width=3D"550" height=3D"290.74074074074076" src=3D"https:=
//substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_TFh!,w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,f=
l_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpu=
blic%2Fimages%2F1400b679-ec43-4d45-b9b1-4a9fd64b05bf_1188x628.jpeg" style=
=3D"border: none !important;vertical-align: middle;display: block;-ms-inter=
polation-mode: bicubic;height: auto;margin-bottom: 0;width: auto !important=
;max-width: 100% !important;margin: 0 auto;"></a></td><td style=3D"text-ali=
gn: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table></figure></div></blockquote><p style=
=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16=
px;">The reading form the temperature gauge inside the sauna, at my eye lev=
el. </p><div class=3D"captioned-image-container-static" style=3D"font-size:=
 16px;line-height: 26px;margin: 32px auto;"><figure style=3D"width: 100%;ma=
rgin: 0 auto;"><table class=3D"image-wrapper" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" c=
ellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" data-component-name=3D"Image2ToDOMStatic=
" style=3D"mso-padding-alt: 1em 0 1.6em;"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"text-alig=
n: center;"></td><td class=3D"content" align=3D"left" width=3D"1456" style=
=3D"text-align: center;"><a class=3D"image-link" target=3D"_blank" href=3D"=
https://substack.com/redirect/16016b15-02a1-4617-afd1-895f33bd5408?j=3DeyJ1=
IjoiNGl3b2U2In0.sVDxRtmZ85v8kfdamY0krRXGMy3p768BWtuZifRB-Zs" rel=3D"" style=
=3D"position: relative;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;padding: =
0;width: auto;height: auto;border: none;text-decoration: none;display: bloc=
k;margin: 0;"><img class=3D"wide-image" data-attrs=3D"{&quot;src&quot;:&quo=
t;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a5c8fee9-28d4-=
42b3-9f5d-f501a0ded767_2972x2147.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null=
,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:=
1052,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:=
1261188,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;=
image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot=
;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bryanjohns=
0n.substack.com/i/193114951?img=3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amaz=
onaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5c8fee9-28d4-42b3-9f5d-f501a0ded767_2972x214=
7.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;of=
fset&quot;:false}" alt=3D"" width=3D"550" height=3D"397.3901098901099" src=
=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IDo8!,w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_a=
uto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaw=
s.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa5c8fee9-28d4-42b3-9f5d-f501a0ded767_2972x2147.jp=
eg" style=3D"border: none !important;vertical-align: middle;display: block;=
-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;height: auto;margin-bottom: 0;width: auto !=
important;max-width: 100% !important;margin: 0 auto;"></a></td><td style=3D=
"text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table></figure></div><p style=3D"=
margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"=
><br><strong><span>CAVEAT</span><br><br></strong><span>Does this mean you n=
eed to sit in a dry sauna at 195&#176;F (90.5&#176;C) for 38 minutes? Not n=
ecessarily.</span></p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);l=
ine-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">In this session I was cooling my face an=
d neck to test whether active cooling could prevent thermal skin damage. Th=
at cooling worked against my core temperature rise, extending the time need=
ed to hit the HSP threshold. The 40 minutes reflects that tradeoff.</p><p s=
tyle=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size=
: 16px;">We will next experiment by removing the cooling to evaluate the ti=
me to hit the heat shock threshold of 102.65&#176;F (39.25&#176;C). </p><di=
v class=3D"captioned-image-container-static" style=3D"font-size: 16px;line-=
height: 26px;margin: 32px auto;"><figure style=3D"width: 100%;margin: 0 aut=
o;"><table class=3D"image-wrapper" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=
=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" data-component-name=3D"Image2ToDOMStatic" style=3D=
"mso-padding-alt: 1em 0 1.6em;"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"text-align: center;=
"></td><td class=3D"content" align=3D"left" width=3D"1456" style=3D"text-al=
ign: center;"><a class=3D"image-link" target=3D"_blank" href=3D"https://sub=
stack.com/redirect/221ef82c-15c2-43ab-8c5f-8f1d55a8ab83?j=3DeyJ1IjoiNGl3b2U=
2In0.sVDxRtmZ85v8kfdamY0krRXGMy3p768BWtuZifRB-Zs" rel=3D"" style=3D"positio=
n: relative;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;padding: 0;width: au=
to;height: auto;border: none;text-decoration: none;display: block;margin: 0=
;"><img class=3D"wide-image" data-attrs=3D"{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://s=
ubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/16f79c9a-7c9f-4cb0-bd4d-f=
e0416f31787_1536x2048.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;full=
screen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1941,&quot;=
width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:500640,&quo=
t;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&q=
uot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&qu=
ot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://bryanjohns0n.substack.=
com/i/193114951?img=3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2F=
public%2Fimages%2F16f79c9a-7c9f-4cb0-bd4d-fe0416f31787_1536x2048.jpeg&quot;=
,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:f=
alse}" alt=3D"" width=3D"550" height=3D"733.2074175824176" src=3D"https://s=
ubstackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cnaW!,w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_p=
rogressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpubli=
c%2Fimages%2F16f79c9a-7c9f-4cb0-bd4d-fe0416f31787_1536x2048.jpeg" style=3D"=
border: none !important;vertical-align: middle;display: block;-ms-interpola=
tion-mode: bicubic;height: auto;margin-bottom: 0;width: auto !important;max=
-width: 100% !important;margin: 0 auto;"></a></td><td style=3D"text-align: =
center;"></td></tr></tbody></table></figure></div><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 2=
0px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>Here i=
s some of what we know about sauna, core temperature, and heat shock protei=
n activation.</span><br><br><span>Dry sauna is unique in engaging cardiovas=
cular, skin, and molecular responses to thermal challenges.</span></p><p st=
yle=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size:=
 16px;">While the cardiovascular, skin and detox (sweating) benefits are al=
ready obtainable at smaller core temperature increases, starting with 0.36-=
0.9&#176;F (0.2-0.5&#176;C) shifts, the molecular heat responses including =
Heat Shock Protein expression and activation require more pronounced core t=
emperatures increases.</p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,5=
5);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">While this mechanism makes dry sauna=
 safe and tolerable, it also means one must be highly intentional to achiev=
e the deeper biological impacts associated with heat shock protein activati=
on, including neuroprotection, long-term metabolic improvements and cellula=
r longevity.</p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-he=
ight: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>Evidence suggests a minimum threshold of=
 approximately 102.2&#176;F (39&#176;C) is required for robust HSP inductio=
n, though this varies by cell and tissue type.</span><strong><br><br></stro=
ng><span>In vitro studies on human white blood cells indicate that 101.3&#1=
76;F (38.5&#176;C) is insufficient for HSP induction (104&#176;F (40&#176;C=
) was sufficient in the same study), whereas 102.2&#176;F (39&#176;C) signi=
ficantly increases HSP70 (a key inducible protein) in monocytes.</span></p>=
<ul style=3D"margin-top: 0;padding: 0;margin-bottom: 0;"><li style=3D"margi=
n: 8px 0 0 32px;mso-special-format: bullet;"><p style=3D"color: rgb(54,55,5=
5);line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 0;box-sizing: border-box;padding-left: =
4px;font-size: 16px;margin: 0;">Clinical observations in healthy young men =
showed that a core temperature rise above 101.3&#176;F (38.5&#176;C) (reach=
ing over 101.48&#176;F (38.6&#176;C)) during an initial sauna session induc=
ed HSP72. However, heat acclimation by the 10th session limited the core te=
mperature to 100.76&#176;F (38.2&#176;C), largely eroding the HSP response.=
</p></li><li style=3D"margin: 8px 0 0 32px;mso-special-format: bullet;"><p =
style=3D"color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 0;box-sizing=
: border-box;padding-left: 4px;font-size: 16px;margin: 0;">Hot water immers=
ion protocol targeting a rectal temperature of 103.1&#176;F (39.5&#176;C) f=
or 60 minutes produced significant increases in both HSP27 and HSP70.</p></=
li><li style=3D"margin: 8px 0 0 32px;mso-special-format: bullet;"><p style=
=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;margin-bottom=
: 0;box-sizing: border-box;padding-left: 4px;font-size: 16px;">Heated exerc=
ise protocols reaching 103.1&#176;F (39.5&#176;C) resulted in meaningful in=
creases in HSP90, the initiator of the heat shock protein expression cascad=
e</p><div class=3D"captioned-image-container-static" style=3D"font-size: 16=
px;line-height: 26px;margin: 32px auto;margin-bottom: 0;"><figure style=3D"=
width: 100%;margin: 0 auto;"><table class=3D"image-wrapper" width=3D"100%" =
border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" data-component-name=3D"Ima=
ge2ToDOMStatic" style=3D"mso-padding-alt: 1em 0 1.6em;"><tbody><tr><td styl=
e=3D"text-align: center;"></td><td class=3D"content" align=3D"left" width=
=3D"588" style=3D"text-align: center;"><a class=3D"image-link" target=3D"_b=
lank" href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/b0793cee-9e65-40a4-8ebe-32f5a1f=
da73b?j=3DeyJ1IjoiNGl3b2U2In0.sVDxRtmZ85v8kfdamY0krRXGMy3p768BWtuZifRB-Zs" =
rel=3D"" style=3D"position: relative;flex-direction: column;align-items: ce=
nter;padding: 0;width: auto;height: auto;border: none;text-decoration: none=
;display: block;margin: 0;"><img class=3D"wide-image" data-attrs=3D"{&quot;=
src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/=
18536780-1225-4ecf-b982-7f58dd7f2b47_588x594.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark=
&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;he=
ight&quot;:594,&quot;width&quot;:588,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;byt=
es&quot;:156110,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot=
;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true=
,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://brya=
njohns0n.substack.com/i/193114951?img=3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s=
3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18536780-1225-4ecf-b982-7f58dd7f2b47_58=
8x594.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot=
;offset&quot;:false}" alt=3D"" width=3D"550" height=3D"555.6122448979592" s=
rc=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pCz-!,w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q=
_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazon=
aws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18536780-1225-4ecf-b982-7f58dd7f2b47_588x594.pn=
g" style=3D"border: none !important;vertical-align: middle;display: block;-=
ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;height: auto;margin-bottom: 0;width: auto !i=
mportant;max-width: 100% !important;margin: 0 auto;"></a></td><td style=3D"=
text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table></figure></div></li></ul></d=
iv></div><div class=3D"container-border" style=3D"margin: 32px 0 0;width: 1=
00%;box-sizing: border-box;border-top: 1px solid #e6e6e6;font-size: 16px;li=
ne-height: 26px;"></div><div class=3D"post-cta typography markup" style=3D"=
--image-offset-margin: -120px;text-align: initial;word-break: break-word;ma=
rgin-bottom: 32px;margin: 32px 0;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;"><p sty=
le=3D"color: rgb(54,55,55);margin: 0 auto 20px;text-align: center;width: 90=
%;line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;margin-top: 0;"><span class=3D"pencraft=
 pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ" translated=3D"" style=3D"list-style: none;color: un=
set;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;">Bryan Johnson is free today. But if =
you enjoyed this post, you can tell Bryan Johnson that their writing is val=
uable by pledging a future subscription. You won't be charged unless they e=
nable payments.</span></p><p class=3D"cta-box" style=3D"color: rgb(54,55,55=
);margin: 0 auto 20px;width: 90%;line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;margin-b=
ottom: 0;text-align: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;"><a class=
=3D"button primary" role=3D"button" href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/2=
/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9icnlhbmpvaG5zMG4uc3Vic3RhY2suY29tL3N1YnNjcmliZT91dG1fc2=
91cmNlPXBvc3QmdXRtX2NhbXBhaWduPWVtYWlsLWNoZWNrb3V0Jm5leHQ9aHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlM=
kZicnlhbmpvaG5zMG4uc3Vic3RhY2suY29tJTJGcCUyRnNhdW5hLXBlb3BsZS15b3Utd2FudC10=
by1rbm93LWFib3V0JnI9NGl3b2U2IiwicCI6MTkzMTE0OTUxLCJzIjo1MDA4NDQyLCJmIjp0cnV=
lLCJ1IjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsImlhdCI6MTc3NTI1Mjc1NCwiZXhwIjoyMDkwODI4NzU0LCJpc3MiOi=
JwdWItMCIsInN1YiI6ImxpbmstcmVkaXJlY3QifQ.TZVKXqtcSSrfYs2lwY97-BvcNPtEHFXuhm=
EFOJvPKvs?&utm_source=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail&utm_content=3Dpostcta" =
style=3D"font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI'=
,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Se=
goe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;cursor: pointer=
;border: none;height: 40px;border-radius: 8px;font-size: 14px;line-height: =
20px;font-weight: 600;text-align: center;padding: 10px 20px;margin: 0;opaci=
ty: 1;outline: none;white-space: nowrap;color: #ffffff !important;text-deco=
ration: none !important;background-color: #ff6719;">Pledge your support</a>=
</p></div><table class=3D"email-ufi-2-bottom" role=3D"presentation" width=
=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D"border-=
top: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);min-wid=
th: 100%;"><tbody><tr height=3D"16"><td height=3D"16" style=3D"font-size:0p=
x;line-height:0;">&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td><table class=3D"email-ufi-2-row" =
role=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpad=
ding=3D"0" style=3D"border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);"><tbody><tr><td=
 width=3D"95%"><table class=3D"email-button-outline-wrapper-full-width" rol=
e=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpaddin=
g=3D"0" style=3D"width: 95%;margin: 0 auto;"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center=
"><a class=3D"email-button-outline full-width" href=3D"https://substack.com=
/app-link/post?publication_id=3D5008442&post_id=3D193114951&utm_source=3Dsu=
bstack&utm_medium=3Demail&utm_content=3Dshare&utm_campaign=3Demail-share&ac=
tion=3Dshare&triggerShare=3Dtrue&isFreemail=3Dtrue&r=3D4iwoe6&token=3DeyJ1c=
2VyX2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MzExNDk1MSwiaWF0IjoxNzc1MjUyNzU0LCJl=
eHAiOjE3Nzc4NDQ3NTQsImlzcyI6InB1Yi01MDA4NDQyIiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ=
9.IRZFsjlZEQV-um5j1fzGAXNR00vB_hDFK0Vq7AwrSVM" style=3D"font-family: system=
-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans=
-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inli=
ne-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 99=
99px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 12px;padding: 9=
px 14px;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);width: 100%;padding-l=
eft: 0;padding-right: 0;"><img class=3D"icon" src=3D"https://substackcdn.co=
m/image/fetch/$s_!rmYa!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep=
/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideShare%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fi=
ll%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width=3D"18" height=3D"=
18" style=3D"margin-right: 8px;min-width: 18px;min-height: 18px;border: non=
e;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" alt=3D""><span class=3D"email-but=
ton-text" style=3D"vertical-align: middle;">Share</span></a></td></tr></tbo=
dy></table></td></tr><tr height=3D"16"><td height=3D"16" style=3D"font-size=
:0px;line-height:0;">&nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr height=
=3D"16"><td height=3D"16" style=3D"font-size:0px;line-height:0;">&nbsp;</td=
></tr><tr><td><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cell=
spacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td><table role=3D"presentation"=
 width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D"m=
argin:0 auto;"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><table role=
=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=
=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center"><a class=3D"email-button-outline" hr=
ef=3D"https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3D5008442&post_id=
=3D193114951&utm_source=3Dsubstack&isFreemail=3Dtrue&submitLike=3Dtrue&toke=
n=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MzExNDk1MSwicmVhY3Rpb24iOiL=
inaQiLCJpYXQiOjE3NzUyNTI3NTQsImV4cCI6MTc3Nzg0NDc1NCwiaXNzIjoicHViLTUwMDg0ND=
IiLCJzdWIiOiJyZWFjdGlvbiJ9.FhZiwGTV3dUOyVXgUl5Or9NNov4pmNPZayCrCJomRqg&utm_=
medium=3Demail&utm_campaign=3Demail-reaction&r=3D4iwoe6" style=3D"font-fami=
ly: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,=
Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';dis=
play: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-=
radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 12px;=
padding: 9px 14px;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);"><img clas=
s=3D"icon" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PeVs!,w_36,c_scal=
e,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%=
2FLucideHeart%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26=
strokeWidth%3D2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" style=3D"margin-right: 8px;min-=
width: 18px;min-height: 18px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width:=
 18px" alt=3D""><span class=3D"email-button-text" style=3D"vertical-align: =
middle;">Like</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width=3D"8" styl=
e=3D"min-width:8px;"></td><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><table role=
=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=
=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center"><a class=3D"email-button-outline" hr=
ef=3D"https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3D5008442&post_id=
=3D193114951&utm_source=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail&isFreemail=3Dtrue&com=
ments=3Dtrue&token=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MzExNDk1MS=
wiaWF0IjoxNzc1MjUyNzU0LCJleHAiOjE3Nzc4NDQ3NTQsImlzcyI6InB1Yi01MDA4NDQyIiwic=
3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.IRZFsjlZEQV-um5j1fzGAXNR00vB_hDFK0Vq7AwrSVM&r=
=3D4iwoe6&utm_campaign=3Demail-half-magic-comments&action=3Dpost-comment&ut=
m_source=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail" style=3D"font-family: system-ui,-ap=
ple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,=
'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-bloc=
k;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;te=
xt-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 12px;padding: 9px 14px=
;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);"><img class=3D"icon" src=3D=
"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x1tS!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:go=
od,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideComments%=
3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D=
2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" style=3D"margin-right: 8px;min-width: 18px;mi=
n-height: 18px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" alt=3D"=
"><span class=3D"email-button-text" style=3D"vertical-align: middle;">Comme=
nt</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width=3D"8" style=3D"min-wi=
dth:8px;"></td><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><table role=3D"presenta=
tion" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbod=
y><tr><td align=3D"center"><a class=3D"email-button-outline" href=3D"https:=
//substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9vcGVuLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9wdWIvY=
nJ5YW5qb2huczBuL3Avc2F1bmEtcGVvcGxlLXlvdS13YW50LXRvLWtub3ctYWJvdXQ_dXRtX3Nv=
dXJjZT1zdWJzdGFjayZ1dG1fbWVkaXVtPWVtYWlsJnV0bV9jYW1wYWlnbj1lbWFpbC1yZXN0YWN=
rLWNvbW1lbnQmYWN0aW9uPXJlc3RhY2stY29tbWVudCZyPTRpd29lNiZ0b2tlbj1leUoxYzJWeV=
gybGtJam95TnpNMk1qSXpPVGdzSW5CdmMzUmZhV1FpT2pFNU16RXhORGsxTVN3aWFXRjBJam94T=
npjMU1qVXlOelUwTENKbGVIQWlPakUzTnpjNE5EUTNOVFFzSW1semN5STZJbkIxWWkwMU1EQTRO=
RFF5SWl3aWMzVmlJam9pY0c5emRDMXlaV0ZqZEdsdmJpSjkuSVJaRnNqbFpFUVYtdW01ajFmekd=
BWE5SMDB2Ql9oREZLMFZxN0F3clNWTSIsInAiOjE5MzExNDk1MSwicyI6NTAwODQ0MiwiZiI6dH=
J1ZSwidSI6MjczNjIyMzk4LCJpYXQiOjE3NzUyNTI3NTQsImV4cCI6MjA5MDgyODc1NCwiaXNzI=
joicHViLTAiLCJzdWIiOiJsaW5rLXJlZGlyZWN0In0.OWvgdfe9gtK5juWBmvoYfI1SYENDvDjn=
SV7Yhn-xLYs?&utm_source=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail" style=3D"font-family=
: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Ar=
ial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';displ=
ay: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-ra=
dius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 12px;pa=
dding: 9px 14px;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);"><img class=
=3D"icon" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ubXF!,w_36,c_scale=
,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2=
Fnotes__NoteRestackIcon%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%252=
3808080%26strokeWidth%3D2%26strokeLinecap%3Dround%26strokeLinejoin%3Dround"=
 width=3D"18" height=3D"18" alt=3D"" style=3D"margin-right: 8px;min-width: =
18px;min-height: 18px;max-width: 550px;border: none !important;vertical-ali=
gn: middle;"><span class=3D"email-button-text" style=3D"vertical-align: mid=
dle;">Restack</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table=
></td><td align=3D"right"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" borde=
r=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr></tr></tbody></table=
></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr height=3D"16"><td height=3D"16" st=
yle=3D"font-size:0px;line-height:0;">&nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></table><div c=
lass=3D"footer footer-ZM59BM" style=3D"color: rgb(119,119,119);text-align: =
center;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;padding: 24px0;"><div style=3D"fon=
t-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;padding-bottom: 24px"><p class=3D"pencraft p=
c-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s size-12-mmZ61m reset-IxiVJZ small meta-B2bqa=
5" style=3D"list-style: none;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacS=
ystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji',=
'Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';padding-bottom: 0;font-size: 12px;line-h=
eight: 16px;margin: 0;color: rgb(119,119,119);text-decoration: unset;">&#16=
9; 2026 <span>Bryan Johnson</span><br>548 Market Street PMB 72296, San Fran=
cisco, CA 94104 <br><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0=
cHM6Ly9icnlhbmpvaG5zMG4uc3Vic3RhY2suY29tL2FjdGlvbi9kaXNhYmxlX2VtYWlsP3Rva2V=
uPWV5SjFjMlZ5WDJsa0lqb3lOek0yTWpJek9UZ3NJbkJ2YzNSZmFXUWlPakU1TXpFeE5EazFNU3=
dpYVdGMElqb3hOemMxTWpVeU56VTBMQ0psZUhBaU9qRTRNRFkzT0RnM05UUXNJbWx6Y3lJNkluQ=
jFZaTAxTURBNE5EUXlJaXdpYzNWaUlqb2laR2x6WVdKc1pWOWxiV0ZwYkNKOS53Y2pyRHB6dUJw=
NkpISTRmSFcyLWFPRFg4MHJ2Skw3LV9UUGZZLWFYQ0lZIiwicCI6MTkzMTE0OTUxLCJzIjo1MDA=
4NDQyLCJmIjp0cnVlLCJ1IjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsImlhdCI6MTc3NTI1Mjc1NCwiZXhwIjoyMDkwOD=
I4NzU0LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMCIsInN1YiI6ImxpbmstcmVkaXJlY3QifQ.U2X0Tbkb1mnKtiP064=
WWWhLGBM3hR03Mgf_houDPy6E?" style=3D"text-decoration: underline;color: rgb(=
119,119,119);"><span style=3D"color: rgb(119,119,119);text-decoration: unde=
rline;">Unsubscribe</span></a></p></div><p class=3D"footerSection-EHR0jG sm=
all powered-by-substack" style=3D"padding: 0 24px;font-size: 12px;line-heig=
ht: 20px;margin: 0;color: rgb(119,119,119);font-family: system-ui,-apple-sy=
stem,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple=
 Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';padding-bottom: 0;margin-t=
op: 0;"><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9zdWJz=
dGFjay5jb20vc2lnbnVwP3V0bV9zb3VyY2U9c3Vic3RhY2smdXRtX21lZGl1bT1lbWFpbCZ1dG1=
fY29udGVudD1mb290ZXImdXRtX2NhbXBhaWduPWF1dG9maWxsZWQtZm9vdGVyJmZyZWVTaWdudX=
BFbWFpbD10anBodWhzQGdtYWlsLmNvbSZyPTRpd29lNiIsInAiOjE5MzExNDk1MSwicyI6NTAwO=
DQ0MiwiZiI6dHJ1ZSwidSI6MjczNjIyMzk4LCJpYXQiOjE3NzUyNTI3NTQsImV4cCI6MjA5MDgy=
ODc1NCwiaXNzIjoicHViLTAiLCJzdWIiOiJsaW5rLXJlZGlyZWN0In0.60UQt7WvRxA51Z1uKSy=
ALFUO7UHCFxnoEwpDnYfKa_8?" style=3D"color: rgb(119,119,119);text-decoration=
: none;display: inline-block;margin: 0 4px;"><img src=3D"https://substackcd=
n.com/image/fetch/$s_!LkrL!,w_270,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive=
:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Femail%2Fpublish-button%402x.png" =
srcset=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wgfj!,w_135,c_limit,f_aut=
o,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Femail=
%2Fpublish-button.png, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LkrL!,w_270,=
c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%=
2Fimg%2Femail%2Fpublish-button%402x.png 2x, https://substackcdn.com/image/f=
etch/$s_!KjtY!,w_405,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%=
3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Femail%2Fpublish-button%403x.png 3x" width=3D"1=
35" alt=3D"Start writing" height=3D"40" style=3D"max-width: 550px;border: n=
one !important;vertical-align: middle;"></a></p></div></div></td><td></td><=
/tr></tbody></table><img src=3D"https://eotrx.substackcdn.com/open?token=3D=
eyJtIjoiPDIwMjYwNDAzMjE0NTQ3LjMuMzcyYTcxNjhlMDRjZDY4MUBtZy1kMS5zdWJzdGFjay5=
jb20-IiwidSI6MjczNjIyMzk4LCJyIjoidGpwaHVoc0BnbWFpbC5jb20iLCJkIjoibWctZDEuc3=
Vic3RhY2suY29tIiwicCI6MTkzMTE0OTUxLCJ0IjoibmV3c2xldHRlciIsImEiOiJldmVyeW9uZ=
SIsInMiOjUwMDg0NDIsImMiOiJwb3N0IiwiZiI6dHJ1ZSwicG9zaXRpb24iOiJib3R0b20iLCJp=
YXQiOjE3NzUyNTI3NTQsImV4cCI6MTc3Nzg0NDc1NCwiaXNzIjoicHViLTAiLCJzdWIiOiJlbyJ=
9.t12mH9g57_w8QnFOdVprHnrnp9624FIJg1mmeEdBh-Q" alt=3D"" width=3D"1" height=
=3D"1" border=3D"0" style=3D"height:1px !important;width:1px !important;bor=
der-width:0 !important;margin-top:0 !important;margin-bottom:0 !important;m=
argin-right:0 !important;margin-left:0 !important;padding-top:0 !important;=
padding-bottom:0 !important;padding-right:0 !important;padding-left:0 !impo=
rtant;"/><img width=3D"1" height=3D"1" alt=3D"" src=3D"https://email.mg-d1.=
substack.com/o/eJxE0FuupCAQxvHVNG9juBSiD6zFFFCj9CgYLj1x9yd2d3Jev0r--aU8Nlpz=
ueyZa2PBqtnxyY-MrDBGSy2N1owOjPuyUqKCjcKC7fcKxkxss9wDzYJrRJqVgNF54wRyMwbHDUh=
g0UouRw5cSQEazKAGZSQaMU7EwYdxEg_gx_oniKF2Vxv6f4PPB4t1-VvoTbCtdGK3dMEeIiVPll=
5Urpy-cwxWzEoImLX4LO06ySb6X3dqjQo7u1t8Po6eYrsWSuh2Ct9wd3v02GJOd0hzPgFIVmx7n=
lvf6gP4ejPerNpdyAfGZF25MD3zlipPrH0e2SuVuyGNGqVU88ReVv4EAAD__2Fod10"></body>=
</html>
--dd0fbc1e53e0f776d8728ebb179b3a747a54d96db7fa5dd340639d55832a--
