Delivered-To: tjphuhs@gmail.com
Received: by 2002:a5d:6502:0:b0:439:fcfb:30e with SMTP id x2csp641778wru;
        Wed, 25 Mar 2026 08:55:43 -0700 (PDT)
X-Received: by 2002:a17:90b:3dc6:b0:358:f0d0:1a19 with SMTP id 98e67ed59e1d1-35c0dca8bc3mr4072746a91.12.1774454142861;
        Wed, 25 Mar 2026 08:55:42 -0700 (PDT)
ARC-Seal: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; t=1774454142; cv=none;
        d=google.com; s=arc-20240605;
        b=KGkLcVxB2q8RE9TZZxQkM6OIJLw9LRMAgz/iJHi6PLaFTeUfCE9/me3XLselRVSQTJ
         kSjwQ8RxImhb+W0tXWwhUkG4VYaq/7mc9XsJx207peW1r5eZqRabhzMBLj5xW0hDLK5g
         2os3wCyogou9KB6zLtH0FS6mh+E8KZZ3a+AjYC42h+fIMP5mQu3uxmPYYug0ADzOc4cm
         jRWGXU3ph3bXNw7qXFH1gdSR/N6zJUKxi+1DdmfIxCAxZbeT2damsxfPnyqlrNHtvyeC
         YQ40Fq1sJ5CMn/gs5otr/uZEkiUwpa8jRbuN26dp/Bcx6FwnaVlKxruJhmWNklyzAQ2d
         +8ag==
ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=google.com; s=arc-20240605;
        h=list-unsubscribe-post:list-unsubscribe:list-post:list-id
         :list-archive:list-url:list-owner:reply-to:in-reply-to:references
         :sender:feedback-id:date:message-id:to:from:subject:mime-version
         :dkim-signature:dkim-signature;
        bh=qNEgRmigRbz4VRYpf4dnZkeJfIF14ZBEw3GW25uocU8=;
        fh=9zP21OW67FFZD2VV42mGudo540Qp4aalMWxJB5kMYug=;
        b=AqAilRKVoR4B2rZ8aDQNQOuVnSOXwM3Aptaqx8wdyF/ke83zg+kmIgtyQDeMSibISw
         Uh5T6pZonAmhiOlE4dOpfPTl3aAn7nK3CwmZNI5DcxJcmFYJzamojIVVIj1P5vW6xVm5
         VQ0SLVbjyJPR1xRFWLmJw27jOpOhJFSDLdTX3OKlzDkuoCf4y62mJcwMcg8iXyDrLkt5
         ZwvHzYQmCAqk3ZWBemEmxm0WDc3YNKiU3iAby8lvmfSqw1IALudqutXcdTXFMkyGVDtA
         zz+DQsT4Q8sTos6DzS+RjBITKqb35ZZxRENnU3O1NWVitK81VZgiFotp6ahAt+7a483J
         6Dkg==;
        dara=google.com
ARC-Authentication-Results: i=1; mx.google.com;
       dkim=pass header.i=@mg2.substack.com header.s=mailo header.b=j+s1h3F5;
       dkim=pass header.i=@mailgun.org header.s=mg header.b=L2fiHnCn;
       spf=pass (google.com: domain of bounce+a6cce7.4d1858-tjphuhs=gmail.com@mg2.substack.com designates 161.38.201.183 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom="bounce+a6cce7.4d1858-tjphuhs=gmail.com@mg2.substack.com";
       dmarc=pass (p=REJECT sp=REJECT dis=NONE) header.from=substack.com
Return-Path: <bounce+a6cce7.4d1858-tjphuhs=gmail.com@mg2.substack.com>
Received: from v5183.v5075e2e3.usw1.send.mailgun.net (v5183.v5075e2e3.usw1.send.mailgun.net. [161.38.201.183])
        by mx.google.com with UTF8SMTPS id 98e67ed59e1d1-35c1a031093si789936a91.2.2026.03.25.08.55.42
        for <tjphuhs@gmail.com>
        (version=TLS1_2 cipher=ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 bits=128/128);
        Wed, 25 Mar 2026 08:55:42 -0700 (PDT)
Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of bounce+a6cce7.4d1858-tjphuhs=gmail.com@mg2.substack.com designates 161.38.201.183 as permitted sender) client-ip=161.38.201.183;
Authentication-Results: mx.google.com;
       dkim=pass header.i=@mg2.substack.com header.s=mailo header.b=j+s1h3F5;
       dkim=pass header.i=@mailgun.org header.s=mg header.b=L2fiHnCn;
       spf=pass (google.com: domain of bounce+a6cce7.4d1858-tjphuhs=gmail.com@mg2.substack.com designates 161.38.201.183 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom="bounce+a6cce7.4d1858-tjphuhs=gmail.com@mg2.substack.com";
       dmarc=pass (p=REJECT sp=REJECT dis=NONE) header.from=substack.com
DKIM-Signature: a=rsa-sha256; v=1; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=mg2.substack.com; q=dns/txt; s=mailo; t=1774454142; x=1774461342;
 h=List-Unsubscribe-Post: List-Unsubscribe: List-Post: List-Id: List-Archive: List-Owner: Reply-To: In-Reply-To: References: Sender: Sender: Date: Message-Id: To: To: From: From: Subject: Subject: Content-Type: Mime-Version: X-Feedback-Id;
 bh=qNEgRmigRbz4VRYpf4dnZkeJfIF14ZBEw3GW25uocU8=;
 b=j+s1h3F5HYjfiNOPgpEoawm3Wo2ptDUc/BwMzPi5IHQy/AwTL34U9GqQQDpWVm2lND3lNVL8UY97ytRFGc0JTI8WxAOEHGP40AJJ5LWomSKC4FPThTIdv/r0c9Qn537lNvbjP/BSGN5Zy5/hpjTXfGWjD4o8mNNuoiwrVxrWB2s=
DKIM-Signature: a=rsa-sha256; v=1; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=mailgun.org; q=dns/txt; s=mg; t=1774454142; x=1774461342;
 h=List-Unsubscribe-Post: List-Unsubscribe: List-Post: List-Id: List-Archive: List-Owner: Reply-To: In-Reply-To: References: Sender: Sender: Date: Message-Id: To: To: From: From: Subject: Subject: Content-Type: Mime-Version: X-Feedback-Id;
 bh=qNEgRmigRbz4VRYpf4dnZkeJfIF14ZBEw3GW25uocU8=;
 b=L2fiHnCng3qxVpGoC8l5KtDpepkIo1CbYWVEKDlDXtcrr9chpXfa2+QWOAjqnwhTImCBhaokgfpHWHigpGHlul1mafJN3qHrvJOrTJBHLd71Kv3+DX2eTMiDTQkrzsscgjgm+ncSXfNuTFYxUdXk51wa85HHNR7Su8+HPAP/bDc=
X-Mailgun-Sid: WyIxODZiYSIsInRqcGh1aHNAZ21haWwuY29tIiwiNGQxODU4Il0=
X-Feedback-Id: postmaster@mg2.substack.com:post:5a78b6d5cd16820001f2a9d4:mailgun
Received: by 21e8fdf91f7f43a170f46803c5c6a6329b5f4e0853df352b4de88fdf5a7f0446 with HTTP
 id 69c4057db2c138bc4a02c876; Wed, 25 Mar 2026 15:55:41 GMT
X-Mailgun-Sending-Ip: 161.38.201.183
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
 boundary="be792e3b0abe1ebbf9036419af07d003543528cdd5b77ba5cd5cca2230b7"
Subject: PNC-27: The Research Peptide That Targets Cancer Cells Directly
From: Derek from Peptide Price <derekpruski@substack.com>
To: tjphuhs@gmail.com
X-Mailgun-Tag: post
X-Mailgun-Track-Clicks: false
Message-Id: <20260325155526.3.44aa07d343b1044d@mg2.substack.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Mar 2026 15:55:26 +0000
Feedback-Id: post-192109320:cat-post:pub-3365367:substack
Sender: Derek from Peptide Price <derekpruski@substack.com>
References: <post-192109320@substack.com>
In-Reply-To: <post-192109320@substack.com>
Reply-To: Derek from Peptide Price
 <reply+36dki0&4iwoe6&&8aebb8482473866014fc431be11c65097688e0731b8a997d42d6d3c58e391b34@mg1.substack.com>
List-Owner: <mailto:derekpruski@substack.com>
List-Url: <https://derekpruski.substack.com/>
List-Archive: <https://derekpruski.substack.com/archive>
List-Id: <derekpruski.substack.com>
List-Post: <https://derekpruski.substack.com/p/pnc-27-the-research-peptide-that>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://derekpruski.substack.com/action/disable_email/disable?token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MjEwOTMyMCwiaWF0IjoxNzc0NDU0MTQxLCJleHAiOjE4MDU5OTAxNDEsImlzcyI6InB1Yi0zMzY1MzY3Iiwic3ViIjoiZGlzYWJsZV9lbWFpbCJ9.F0SH2ieqghcmzgaLmFlH861GGIxq27Grl7iMWFd-4SU&all_sections=true>
List-Unsubscribe-Post: List-Unsubscribe=One-Click
X-Mailgun-Variables: {"category": "post", "email_generated_at": "1774454141577", "is_freemail":
 "true", "post_audience": "everyone", "post_id": "192109320", "post_type":
 "newsletter", "pub_community_enabled": "true", "publication_id": "3365367",
 "subdomain": "derekpruski", "user_id": "273622398"}

--be792e3b0abe1ebbf9036419af07d003543528cdd5b77ba5cd5cca2230b7
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

View this post on the web at https://derekpruski.substack.com/p/pnc-27-the-=
research-peptide-that

If you=E2=80=99ve never heard of PNC-27, you=E2=80=99re not alone =E2=80=94=
 it=E2=80=99s one of the more unique compounds being studied in the researc=
h space, and the mechanism is unlike almost anything else in the peptide wo=
rld. Let me break it down from the ground up so it actually makes sense.
All compounds referenced in this post are for research use only, not for hu=
man consumption.
What Is PNC-27?
PNC-27 is a synthetic research peptide that was developed with a very speci=
fic goal: to selectively target and destroy cancer cells while leaving heal=
thy cells alone.
That=E2=80=99s a bold thing to say, so let=E2=80=99s walk through exactly h=
ow the research suggests it does that =E2=80=94 because the mechanism is ac=
tually fascinating once you understand what=E2=80=99s happening.
The Two-Part Design
PNC-27 is essentially a two-part peptide. Each part has a distinct job, and=
 they work together in sequence.
Part One: The Targeting System
The first part of PNC-27 is derived from a protein your body already makes =
called p53.
p53 is one of the most important proteins in the human body. Its job is to =
act as a tumor suppressor =E2=80=94 essentially a quality control checkpoin=
t that monitors cells for damage or abnormal behavior. When a cell starts b=
ehaving incorrectly, p53 steps in and triggers a process called apoptosis, =
which is just a technical word for programmed cell death. Think of it like =
p53 hitting a self-destruct button on a damaged or dangerous cell before it=
 can become a problem.
Now here=E2=80=99s where it gets interesting. Cancer cells have figured out=
 how to disable p53. One of the primary ways they do this is through a prot=
ein called MDM2 (sometimes called HDM2 in humans). MDM2 essentially grabs o=
nto p53 and prevents it from doing its job =E2=80=94 it=E2=80=99s like putt=
ing a lock on the self-destruct button so the cancer cell can keep dividing=
 unchecked.
The first part of PNC-27 is designed to mimic the exact region of p53 that =
MDM2 binds to. In research, this allows PNC-27 to recognize and bind to MDM=
2 directly =E2=80=94 essentially using the cancer cell=E2=80=99s own defens=
e mechanism as a homing signal.
In plain terms: cancer cells overexpress MDM2, and PNC-27 uses that as a GP=
S to find them.
Part Two: The Disruptor
Once PNC-27 has located and engaged its target, the second part of the pept=
ide goes to work.
This portion is what researchers call a membrane-active domain. Its job is =
to interact with and disrupt the cell membrane =E2=80=94 the outer wall of =
the cell.
Here=E2=80=99s why this matters: cancer cell membranes have a different com=
position than healthy cell membranes. They carry different electrical charg=
es and structural properties that make them more susceptible to this kind o=
f disruption. In research models, once PNC-27 binds to MDM2 on the cancer c=
ell surface, the membrane-active domain inserts itself into the membrane an=
d creates pores =E2=80=94 essentially punching holes in the outer wall of t=
he cancer cell.
When a cell=E2=80=99s membrane is compromised like this, it can no longer m=
aintain its internal environment. The cell loses structural integrity and d=
ies.
Think of it like this: Part One is the key that finds the right lock. Part =
Two is what kicks the door down once it=E2=80=99s found.
Why Is This Significant in Research?
Most conventional approaches to targeting cancer cells are not selective =
=E2=80=94 they affect rapidly dividing cells broadly, which is why there ar=
e so many difficult side effects associated with them. The collateral damag=
e to healthy tissue is a major research challenge.
PNC-27=E2=80=99s proposed mechanism is significant because it relies on a m=
arker =E2=80=94 MDM2 overexpression =E2=80=94 that is far more prevalent in=
 cancer cells than in healthy ones. In research models, healthy cells with =
normal MDM2 levels have shown far less susceptibility to PNC-27=E2=80=99s m=
embrane disruption effect.
This selectivity is what makes it an interesting area of ongoing research.
What Does the Research Actually Show?
Research on PNC-27 has demonstrated activity against multiple cancer cell l=
ines in laboratory settings, including pancreatic, breast, and leukemia cel=
l lines. In these studies, PNC-27 has shown the ability to induce membrane =
disruption and cell death selectively in cancer cells while leaving non-can=
cerous cells largely intact.
It is important to note that the bulk of this research has been conducted i=
n cell cultures and early animal models. PNC-27 is still in research stages=
, and conclusions about efficacy or application cannot be drawn beyond what=
 controlled research settings have produced.
The Takeaway for Beginner Researchers
PNC-27 is one of the more conceptually elegant compounds in the research sp=
ace. Rather than broadly attacking any fast-dividing cell, it uses a two-st=
ep mechanism: find cancer cells by their own defense protein, then exploit =
the structural vulnerability of their membrane to induce cell death.
The research is early but genuinely interesting, and it represents a broade=
r direction in peptide research toward compounds that are highly targeted r=
ather than broadly acting.
As always =E2=80=94 research use only, not for human consumption. If this i=
s an area you=E2=80=99re exploring, make sure you=E2=80=99re sourcing from =
vendors with current, verified COAs and third-party testing.

Unsubscribe https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kZXJla3BydXN=
raS5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vYWN0aW9uL2Rpc2FibGVfZW1haWw_dG9rZW49ZXlKMWMyVnlYMmxrSW=
pveU56TTJNakl6T1Rnc0luQnZjM1JmYVdRaU9qRTVNakV3T1RNeU1Dd2lhV0YwSWpveE56YzBOR=
FUwTVRReExDSmxlSEFpT2pFNE1EVTVPVEF4TkRFc0ltbHpjeUk2SW5CMVlpMHpNelkxTXpZM0lp=
d2ljM1ZpSWpvaVpHbHpZV0pzWlY5bGJXRnBiQ0o5LkYwU0gyaWVxZ2hjbXpnYUxtRmxIODYxR0d=
JeHEyN0dybDdpTVdGZC00U1UiLCJwIjoxOTIxMDkzMjAsInMiOjMzNjUzNjcsImYiOnRydWUsIn=
UiOjI3MzYyMjM5OCwiaWF0IjoxNzc0NDU0MTQxLCJleHAiOjIwOTAwMzAxNDEsImlzcyI6InB1Y=
i0wIiwic3ViIjoibGluay1yZWRpcmVjdCJ9.a7szs1Nx54V_pyE1J_VEMfGqdP4CHbhn8o2eXXC=
oUFA?
--be792e3b0abe1ebbf9036419af07d003543528cdd5b77ba5cd5cca2230b7
Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html style=3D"scrollbar-width: thin;scrollbar-color: rgb(219,219,219)rgb(2=
55,255,255);"><head><meta charset=3D"utf-8"><title>PNC-27: The Research Pep=
tide That Targets Cancer Cells Directly</title><style>
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .typography .pullquote-align-left,
  .typography.editor .pullquote-align-left,
  .typography .pullquote-align-right,
  .typography.editor .pullquote-align-right,
  .typography .pullquote-align-wide,
  .typography.editor .pullquote-align-wide,
  .typography .pullquote-align-center,
  .typography.editor .pullquote-align-center {
    float: none;
    margin: 0 auto;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
  }
}
@media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none), (-ms-high-contrast: active) {
  .typography .markup table.image-wrapper img,
  .typography.editor .markup table.image-wrapper img,
  .typography .markup table.kindle-wrapper img,
  .typography.editor .markup table.kindle-wrapper img {
    max-width: 550px;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  .typography:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.ima=
ge2-offset-left),
  .typography.editor:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(=
> a.image2-offset-left) {
    margin-left: var(--image-offset-margin);
  }
  .typography:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.ima=
ge2-offset-right),
  .typography.editor:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(=
> a.image2-offset-right) {
    margin-right: var(--image-offset-margin);
  }
}
@media (min-width: 1300px) {
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-left)=
,
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offse=
t-left) {
    margin-left: var(--image-offset-margin);
  }
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-right=
),
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offse=
t-right) {
    margin-right: var(--image-offset-margin);
  }
}
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .typography,
  .typography.editor {
    /* Disable offset on mobile/tablet */
  }
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left),
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align=
-left),
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right)=
,
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align=
-right) {
    float: none;
    margin: 1em auto;
    max-width: 100%;
    width: auto;
    padding: 0;
  }
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left.t=
hefp),
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align=
-left.thefp),
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right.=
thefp),
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align=
-right.thefp) {
    margin: 1em auto;
  }
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-left)=
,
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offse=
t-left),
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-right=
),
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offse=
t-right) {
    margin: 1em auto;
  }
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left) =
=2Eimage2-inset,
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align=
-left) .image2-inset,
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right)=
 .image2-inset,
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align=
-right) .image2-inset {
    display: block;
    justify-content: initial;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .typography .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed,
  .typography.editor .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed {
    margin-top: 24px;
    margin-bottom: 24px;
  }
  .typography .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed:first-child,
  .typography.editor .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed:first-child {
    margin-top: 0px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup div.youtube-overlay,
  .typography.editor .markup div.youtube-overlay,
  .typography .markup div.vimeo-overlay,
  .typography.editor .markup div.vimeo-overlay {
    display: none !important;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 370px) {
  .typography .markup div.tiktok-wrap,
  .typography.editor .markup div.tiktok-wrap {
    width: calc(95vw - 32px);
    height: calc((95vw - 32px - 2px) / 0.485714);
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup div.embedded-publication-wrap .embedded-publication.s=
how-subscribe,
  .typography.editor .markup div.embedded-publication-wrap .embedded-public=
ation.show-subscribe {
    padding: 24px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-widget.sho=
w-subscribe,
  .typography.editor .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-wid=
get.show-subscribe,
  .typography .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscription-wid=
get.show-subscribe,
  .typography.editor .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscript=
ion-widget.show-subscribe,
  .typography .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget.show-s=
ubscribe,
  .typography.editor .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget=
=2Eshow-subscribe {
    padding: 0px 24px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-widget.sho=
w-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
  .typography.editor .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-wid=
get.show-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
  .typography .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscription-wid=
get.show-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
  .typography.editor .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscript=
ion-widget.show-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
  .typography .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget.show-s=
ubscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
  .typography.editor .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget=
=2Eshow-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button {
    padding: 10px 12px;
    min-width: 110px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup .twitter-embed,
  .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed,
  .typography .markup .tweet,
  .typography.editor .markup .tweet {
    padding: 12px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-text,
  .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-text,
  .typography .markup .tweet .tweet-text,
  .typography.editor .markup .tweet .tweet-text {
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 20px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.two,
  .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.two,
  .typography .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.two,
  .typography.editor .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.two,
  .typography .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.three,
  .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.three,
  .typography .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.three,
  .typography.editor .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.three,
  .typography .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.four,
  .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.four,
  .typography .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.four,
  .typography.editor .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.four {
    height: 200px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup .twitter-embed a.expanded-link .expanded-link-img,
  .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed a.expanded-link .expanded-link-=
img,
  .typography .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-img,
  .typography.editor .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-img {
    max-height: 180px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup .twitter-embed a.expanded-link .expanded-link-descrip=
tion,
  .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed a.expanded-link .expanded-link-=
description,
  .typography .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-description,
  .typography.editor .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-descript=
ion {
    display: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup .apple-podcast-container,
  .typography.editor .markup .apple-podcast-container {
    width: unset;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
  .typography .markup .install-substack-app-embed img.install-substack-app-=
embed-img,
  .typography.editor .markup .install-substack-app-embed img.install-substa=
ck-app-embed-img {
    margin: 0 auto 16px auto;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
  .typography .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-emb=
ed-text,
  .typography.editor .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-=
app-embed-text {
    margin: 0 0 12px 0;
    max-width: 100%;
    width: auto;
    text-align: center;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
  .typography .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-emb=
ed-link,
  .typography.editor .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-=
app-embed-link {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
  .share-button-container {
    height: 38px;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
  .share-button-container a.comment {
    height: 38px;
    line-height: 38px;
    padding-right: 10px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
  .share-button-container .separator {
    display: block;
    margin: 0;
    height: 8px;
    border-left: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
  .share-button-container a.share.first img {
    padding-left: 0;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
  .share-button-container a.mobile {
    display: none !important;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
  .settings-add-pub-modal-wrapper .container .add-recommending-pub-modal-co=
ntainer {
    padding: 36px;
    height: 680px;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
  .settings-add-pub-modal-wrapper .container .add-recommending-pub-modal-co=
ntainer .footer {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 36px;
    margin: 0px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .header-anchor-parent {
    display: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
  .post {
    padding: 16px 0 0 0;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post .post-header .post-label {
    margin-top: 8px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post .post-header .meta-author-wrap.alternative-meta .meta-right-column =
=2Epost-meta {
    margin-top: 6px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post .footer-facepile-container {
    height: 64px;
    padding: 0 16px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    width: 100%;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post .post-footer.use-separators {
    justify-content: center;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post .post-footer.next-prev {
    height: 64px;
    justify-content: space-between;
    box-sizing: border-box;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-table {
    display: block;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-table-row {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: row;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-userhead-cell,
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-body-cell {
    display: block;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-body-cell {
    flex-grow: 1;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-body-table {
    display: block;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-body-table-row {
    display: block;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-copy-cell,
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-controls-cell {
    display: block;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-copy-cell {
    margin: 0 0 16px 0;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-controls-cell {
    width: auto;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-controls {
    margin: auto;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-controls .button.primary {
    width: 100%;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-text {
    font-size: 14px;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 768px) {
  .post-silhouette {
    padding: 32px 0;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post-silhouette .post-silhouette-title {
    margin-top: 10.44225025px;
    height: 120px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post-silhouette .post-silhouette-meta {
    width: 75%;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post-silhouette .post-silhouette-meta.with-byline-image {
    margin: 20px 0;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .use-theme-bg .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item,
  .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item {
    padding-right: 16px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 370px) {
  .use-theme-bg .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item,
  .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item {
    font-size: 14px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .use-theme-bg .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item.guest-author-pu=
blication,
  .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item.guest-author-publication {
    display: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 370px) {
  .post-meta .post-meta-item .post-meta-button {
    height: 36px !important;
    /* important to override in-line height style on emails */
  }
  .post-meta .post-meta-item .post-meta-button .meta-button-label {
    display: none;
  }
  .post-meta .post-meta-item .post-meta-button > svg {
    margin-right: 0;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 370px) {
  .post-meta .post-meta-item {
    font-size: 12px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post .floating-subscribe-button {
    bottom: 20px;
    right: 20px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  body .pullquote-align-left,
  body .pullquote-align-right,
  body .pullquote-align-wide,
  body .pullquote-align-center {
    float: none;
    margin: 0 auto;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
  }
}
@media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none), (-ms-high-contrast: active) {
  body .markup table.image-wrapper img,
  body .markup table.kindle-wrapper img {
    max-width: 550px;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  body:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-off=
set-left) {
    margin-left: var(--image-offset-margin);
  }
  body:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-off=
set-right) {
    margin-right: var(--image-offset-margin);
  }
}
@media (min-width: 1300px) {
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-left) {
    margin-left: var(--image-offset-margin);
  }
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-right) {
    margin-right: var(--image-offset-margin);
  }
}
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  body {
    /* Disable offset on mobile/tablet */
  }
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left),
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right) {
    float: none;
    margin: 1em auto;
    max-width: 100%;
    width: auto;
    padding: 0;
  }
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left.thefp),
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right.thefp) =
{
    margin: 1em auto;
  }
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-left),
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-right) {
    margin: 1em auto;
  }
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left) .image2=
-inset,
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right) .image=
2-inset {
    display: block;
    justify-content: initial;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  body .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed {
    margin-top: 24px;
    margin-bottom: 24px;
  }
  body .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed:first-child {
    margin-top: 0px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup div.youtube-overlay,
  body .markup div.vimeo-overlay {
    display: none !important;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 370px) {
  body .markup div.tiktok-wrap {
    width: calc(95vw - 32px);
    height: calc((95vw - 32px - 2px) / 0.485714);
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup div.embedded-publication-wrap .embedded-publication.show-sub=
scribe {
    padding: 24px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subsc=
ribe,
  body .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscription-widget.sho=
w-subscribe,
  body .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subscrib=
e {
    padding: 0px 24px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subsc=
ribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
  body .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscription-widget.sho=
w-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
  body .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subscrib=
e .subscription-widget-subscribe .button {
    padding: 10px 12px;
    min-width: 110px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup .twitter-embed,
  body .markup .tweet {
    padding: 12px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-text,
  body .markup .tweet .tweet-text {
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 20px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.two,
  body .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.two,
  body .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.three,
  body .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.three,
  body .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.four,
  body .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.four {
    height: 200px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup .twitter-embed a.expanded-link .expanded-link-img,
  body .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-img {
    max-height: 180px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup .twitter-embed a.expanded-link .expanded-link-description,
  body .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-description {
    display: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup .apple-podcast-container {
    width: unset;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
  body .markup .install-substack-app-embed img.install-substack-app-embed-i=
mg {
    margin: 0 auto 16px auto;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
  body .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-embed-text=
 {
    margin: 0 0 12px 0;
    max-width: 100%;
    width: auto;
    text-align: center;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
  body .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-embed-link=
 {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 500px) {
  body .header a.logo {
    width: 42px;
    height: 42px;
    border-radius: 12px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 420px) {
  body .subscription-receipt table:first-of-type .subscription-amount .subs=
cription-discount {
    width: 72px !important;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
  body .share-button-container {
    height: auto;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
  body .share-button-container .separator {
    display: block !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    height: 8px !important;
    border-left: none !important;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .digest .item .post-meta-item.audience {
    display: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 500px) {
  .digest-publication .logo img {
    width: 42px;
    height: 42px;
    border-radius: 8px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .comments-page .container .comment-list .collapsed-reply {
    margin-left: calc(10 + 32px - 24px);
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .comment > .comment-list {
    padding-left: 24px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .finish-magic-login-modal .modal-content .container {
    padding: 24px 0;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .reader2-text-b3 {
    line-height: 24px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .reader2-text-h4 {
    line-height: 24px;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
  .user-profile-modal {
    padding-left: 12px;
    padding-right: 12px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .subscribe-widget form.form .sideBySideWrap button.rightButton {
    padding: 10px 12px;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
  .pub-icon:hover .logo-hover,
  .feed-item-icon:hover .logo-hover {
    display: block;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post-ufi.single-full-width-button .post-ufi-button-wrapper {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 16px;
  }
  .post-ufi.single-full-width-button .post-ufi-button-wrapper:empty {
    display: none;
  }
  .post-ufi.single-full-width-button .post-ufi-button {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
  .file-embed-wrapper {
    padding: 0;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
  .file-embed-wrapper-editor {
    padding: 0;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
  .file-embed-wrapper-editor:active {
    padding: 0;
  }
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .file-embed-button.wide,
  .file-embed-error-button.wide {
    display: none;
  }
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 630px) {
  .file-embed-button.narrow,
  .file-embed-error-button.narrow {
    display: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper .audio-player {
    min-width: 500px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper .audio-player .audio-player-progress {
    border-left-width: 16px;
    border-right-width: 16px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper .audio-player .audio-player-progress .audio-player-=
progress-bar .audio-player-progress-bar-popup {
    top: -54px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-progress {
    border-left-width: 16px;
    border-right-width: 16px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-progress .audio-p=
layer-progress-bar .audio-player-progress-bar-popup {
    top: -54px;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 250px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player {
    padding: 32px;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group {
    display: flex;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button:last-of-type=
 {
    display: block;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 300px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group {
    display: block;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button:first-of-typ=
e {
    display: block;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 350px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-substack-logo {
    display: block;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-title {
    margin-top: 16px;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-hero-image-contai=
ner {
    padding-top: 15%;
    width: 15%;
    display: block;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button:first-of-typ=
e {
    display: block;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-substack-logo {
    display: block;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 350px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-hero-image-contai=
ner {
    padding-top: 25%;
    width: 25%;
    display: block;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group {
    display: flex;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button:first-of-typ=
e {
    display: block;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 400px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-hero-image-contai=
ner {
    padding-top: 40%;
    width: 40%;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 400px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group {
    margin-top: 12px;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button {
    font-size: 13px;
    padding: 6px 12px;
    height: auto;
    margin-top: 10px;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-hero-image-contai=
ner {
    padding-top: 55%;
    width: 55%;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .poll-editor-modal {
    min-width: calc(100% - 20px);
  }
}
@media (max-width: 750px) {
  .poll-embed .poll-anchor-target .poll-anchor-copy-button {
    left: 8px;
    top: 45px;
  }
}
@media not all and (min-resolution: 0.001dpcm) {
  @supports (-webkit-appearance: none) {
    p a:not(.primary.button),
    .post p:not(.button-wrapper) a:not(.primary.button),
    .footnote a.footnote-anchor:not(.primary.button),
    .thread-head .markup p:not(.button-wrapper) a:not(.primary.button) {
      color: #ff6719;
      text-decoration: none;
    }
    p a:not(.primary.button):hover,
    .post p:not(.button-wrapper) a:not(.primary.button):hover,
    .footnote a.footnote-anchor:not(.primary.button):hover,
    .thread-head .markup p:not(.button-wrapper) a:not(.primary.button):hove=
r {
      text-decoration: underline;
    }
  }
}</style></head><body class=3D"email-body" style=3D"font-kerning: auto;--im=
age-offset-margin: -120px;"><img src=3D"https://eotrx.substackcdn.com/open?=
token=3DeyJtIjoiPDIwMjYwMzI1MTU1NTI2LjMuNDRhYTA3ZDM0M2IxMDQ0ZEBtZzIuc3Vic3R=
hY2suY29tPiIsInUiOjI3MzYyMjM5OCwiciI6InRqcGh1aHNAZ21haWwuY29tIiwiZCI6Im1nMi=
5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20iLCJwIjoxOTIxMDkzMjAsInQiOiJuZXdzbGV0dGVyIiwiYSI6ImV2ZXJ5b=
25lIiwicyI6MzM2NTM2NywiYyI6InBvc3QiLCJmIjp0cnVlLCJwb3NpdGlvbiI6InRvcCIsImlh=
dCI6MTc3NDQ1NDE0MSwiZXhwIjoxNzc3MDQ2MTQxLCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMCIsInN1YiI6ImVvIn0=
=2Ej9geFz-8NjEDRLWvKHhTDIY-EecWsUWTZ=
nT8N0ZgN3k" alt=3D"" width=3D"1" height=
=3D"1" border=3D"0" style=3D"height:1px !important;width:1px !important;bor=
der-width:0 !important;margin-top:0 !important;margin-bottom:0 !important;m=
argin-right:0 !important;margin-left:0 !important;padding-top:0 !important;=
padding-bottom:0 !important;padding-right:0 !important;padding-left:0 !impo=
rtant;"/><div class=3D"preview" style=3D"display:none;font-size:1px;color:#=
333333;line-height:1px;max-height:0px;max-width:0px;opacity:0;overflow:hidd=
en;">If you&#8217;ve never heard of PNC-27, you&#8217;re not alone &#8212; =
it&#8217;s one of the more unique compounds being studied in the research s=
pace, and the mechanism is unlike almost anything else in the peptide world=
=2E</div><div class=3D"preview" style=3D"=
display:none;font-size:1px;color:#33=
3333;line-height:1px;max-height:0px;max-width:0px;opacity:0;overflow:hidden=
;">&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#=
8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; =
&nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#17=
3;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8=
199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &=
nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173=
;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#81=
99; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &n=
bsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;=
&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#819=
9; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nb=
sp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&=
#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199=
; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbs=
p; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#=
847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199;=
 &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp=
; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#8=
47; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; =
&#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp;=
 &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#84=
7; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &=
#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; =
&#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847=
; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#=
173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &=
#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847;=
 &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#1=
73;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#=
8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; =
&nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#17=
3;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8=
199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &=
nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173=
;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#81=
99; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &n=
bsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;=
&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#819=
9; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nb=
sp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&=
#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199=
; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbs=
p; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#=
847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199;=
 &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp=
; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#8=
47; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; =
&#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp;=
 &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#84=
7; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &=
#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; =
&#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847=
; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#=
173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &=
#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847;=
 &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#1=
73;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#=
8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; =
&nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#17=
3;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8=
199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &=
nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173=
;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#81=
99; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &n=
bsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;=
&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#819=
9; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nb=
sp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&=
#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199=
; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbs=
p; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#=
847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199;=
 &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp=
; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#8=
47; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;</div><table class=3D"=
email-body-container" role=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cel=
lspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td></td><td class=3D"content" =
width=3D"550"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td class=3D"content" width=
=3D"550" align=3D"left"><div style=3D"font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;max=
-width: 550px;width: 100%;margin: 0 auto;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><table=
 role=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpa=
dding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"right" style=3D"height:20px;"><table ro=
le=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpaddi=
ng=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><span class=3D"pen=
craft pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ tw-font-body tw-text-ssm tw-text-substack-secon=
dary" style=3D"font-family: SF Pro Text, -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMac=
SystemFont, Inter, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Apple Co=
lor Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol;font-size: 13px;color: unset;lis=
t-style: none;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;"><div class=3D"pencraft pc-=
reset align-right-VJbKw5 size-12-mmZ61m reset-IxiVJZ" style=3D"list-style: =
none;color: unset;text-align: right;font-size: 12px;line-height: 16px;text-=
decoration: unset;margin: 0;"><span class=3D"pencraft pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ=
" translated=3D"" style=3D"list-style: none;color: unset;text-decoration: u=
nset;margin: 0;">Forwarded this email? <a class=3D"pencraft pc-reset decora=
tion-underline-ClTkYc reset-IxiVJZ" href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/2=
/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kZXJla3BydXNraS5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vc3Vic2NyaWJlP3V0bV9zb3=
VyY2U9ZW1haWwmdXRtX2NhbXBhaWduPWVtYWlsLXN1YnNjcmliZSZyPTRpd29lNiZuZXh0PWh0d=
HBzJTNBJTJGJTJGZGVyZWtwcnVza2kuc3Vic3RhY2suY29tJTJGcCUyRnBuYy0yNy10aGUtcmVz=
ZWFyY2gtcGVwdGlkZS10aGF0IiwicCI6MTkyMTA5MzIwLCJzIjozMzY1MzY3LCJmIjp0cnVlLCJ=
1IjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsImlhdCI6MTc3NDQ1NDE0MSwiZXhwIjoyMDkwMDMwMTQxLCJpc3MiOiJwdW=
ItMCIsInN1YiI6ImxpbmstcmVkaXJlY3QifQ.ihCwCOHwrXpUbVGlTOJktfwOC42kHvUVlLy-En=
eb2-k?" style=3D"list-style: none;color: unset;text-decoration: unset;margi=
n: 0;-webkit-text-decoration-line: underline;text-decoration-line: underlin=
e;">Subscribe here</a> for more</span></div></span></td></tr></tbody></tabl=
e></td></tr></tbody></table><div class=3D"post typography" dir=3D"auto" sty=
le=3D"--image-offset-margin: -120px;padding: 32px 0 0 0;font-size: 16px;lin=
e-height: 26px;"><div class=3D"post-header" role=3D"region" aria-label=3D"P=
ost header" style=3D"font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;"><h1 class=3D"post-=
title published title-X77sOw" dir=3D"auto" style=3D"direction: auto;text-al=
ign: start;unicode-bidi: isolate;color: rgb(54,55,55);font-family: 'SF Pro =
Display',-apple-system-headline,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,=
'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI =
Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: bold;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialia=
sed;-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased;-webkit-appearance: optimizelegibi=
lity;-moz-appearance: optimizelegibility;appearance: optimizelegibility;mar=
gin: 0;line-height: 36px;font-size: 32px;"><a href=3D"https://substack.com/=
app-link/post?publication_id=3D3365367&post_id=3D192109320&utm_source=3Dpos=
t-email-title&utm_campaign=3Demail-post-title&isFreemail=3Dtrue&r=3D4iwoe6&=
token=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MjEwOTMyMCwiaWF0IjoxNzc=
0NDU0MTQxLCJleHAiOjE3NzcwNDYxNDEsImlzcyI6InB1Yi0zMzY1MzY3Iiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC=
1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.p_yv-e4FMG7C0w9UXDvOil3gebxKhxHQaHPsgf42WTE" style=3D"color:=
 rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: none;">PNC-27: The Research Peptide That Ta=
rgets Cancer Cells Directly</a></h1><table class=3D"post-meta" role=3D"pres=
entation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" s=
tyle=3D"margin: 1em 0;height: 20px;align-items: center;"><tbody><tr><td><ta=
ble role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cel=
lpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" b=
order=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"ver=
tical-align:middle;"><div class=3D"pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT l=
ine-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC t=
ransform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA custom-css-email-post-au=
thor" style=3D"list-style: none;font-size: 11px;line-height: 20px;text-deco=
ration: unset;color: rgb(54,55,55);margin: 0;font-family: 'SF Compact',-app=
le-system,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helv=
etica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbo=
l';font-weight: 500;text-transform: uppercase;letter-spacing: .2px;"><a cla=
ss=3D"pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-met=
a-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq res=
et-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA" style=3D"list-style: none;color: rgb(54,55,55);margi=
n: 0;font-size: 11px;line-height: 20px;font-family: 'SF Compact',-apple-sys=
tem,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,=
Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';fon=
t-weight: 500;text-transform: uppercase;letter-spacing: .2px;text-decoratio=
n: none" href=3D"https://substack.com/@peptideprice">Derek</a></div></td></=
tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"=
auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=
=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><div class=3D"pencraft pc-reset color-secondary=
-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium=
-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA" style=3D"list-=
style: none;font-size: 11px;line-height: 20px;text-decoration: unset;color:=
 rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;font-family: 'SF Compact',-apple-system,system-=
ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-=
serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 5=
00;text-transform: uppercase;letter-spacing: .2px;"><time datetime=3D"2026-=
03-25T15:55:25.901Z">Mar 25</time></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr=
></tbody></table></td><td align=3D"right"><table role=3D"presentation" widt=
h=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td =
style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><a href=3D"https://substack.com/@peptidepr=
ice"><img class=3D"custom-css-email-avatar avatar-QIQ5yR" src=3D"https://su=
bstackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!27SK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep=
/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff07=
a8bac-9f53-43a0-af70-e96356c0f3f3_500x500.png" style=3D"box-sizing: border-=
box;max-width: 550px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;width: 40px;height=
: 40px;min-width: 40px;min-height: 40px;object-fit: cover;margin: 0px;displ=
ay: inline;border-radius: 50%" width=3D"40" height=3D"40"></a></td></tr></t=
body></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table class=3D"email-ufi-2-top" rol=
e=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpaddin=
g=3D"0" style=3D"border-top: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-bottom: 1px sol=
id rgb(0,0,0,.1);min-width: 100%;"><tbody><tr height=3D"16"><td height=3D"1=
6" style=3D"font-size:0px;line-height:0;">&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td><table ro=
le=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpaddi=
ng=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=
=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical=
-align:middle;"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"38" border=3D"0" cell=
spacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center"><a class=3D=
"email-icon-button" href=3D"https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_=
id=3D3365367&post_id=3D192109320&utm_source=3Dsubstack&isFreemail=3Dtrue&su=
bmitLike=3Dtrue&token=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MjEwOTM=
yMCwicmVhY3Rpb24iOiLinaQiLCJpYXQiOjE3NzQ0NTQxNDEsImV4cCI6MTc3NzA0NjE0MSwiaX=
NzIjoicHViLTMzNjUzNjciLCJzdWIiOiJyZWFjdGlvbiJ9.hoqDy1qXIS6gKDTioWXMw98jWY1E=
GqTnvohloxlBqyE&utm_medium=3Demail&utm_campaign=3Demail-reaction&r=3D4iwoe6=
" style=3D"font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe U=
I',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','=
Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid r=
gb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12p=
x;line-height: 1;padding: 9px 0;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,11=
9);min-width: 38px;box-sizing: border-box;width: 38px"><img class=3D"icon" =
src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PeVs!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_a=
uto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideHea=
rt%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth=
%3D2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" style=3D"border: none;vertical-align: midd=
le;max-width: 18px" alt=3D""></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width=
=3D"8" style=3D"min-width:8px;"></td><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><=
table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"38" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cel=
lpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center"><a class=3D"email-icon-butto=
n" href=3D"https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3D3365367&post=
_id=3D192109320&utm_source=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail&isFreemail=3Dtrue&=
comments=3Dtrue&token=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MjEwOTM=
yMCwiaWF0IjoxNzc0NDU0MTQxLCJleHAiOjE3NzcwNDYxNDEsImlzcyI6InB1Yi0zMzY1MzY3Ii=
wic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.p_yv-e4FMG7C0w9UXDvOil3gebxKhxHQaHPsgf42WTE&=
r=3D4iwoe6&utm_campaign=3Demail-half-magic-comments&action=3Dpost-comment&u=
tm_source=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail" style=3D"font-family: system-ui,-a=
pple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif=
,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-blo=
ck;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;t=
ext-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1;padding: 9px 0;text=
-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);min-width: 38px;box-sizing: borde=
r-box;width: 38px"><img class=3D"icon" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image=
/fetch/$s_!x1tS!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%=
3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideComments%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3=
Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" =
style=3D"border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" alt=3D""></a>=
</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width=3D"8" style=3D"min-width:8px;"></t=
d><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><table role=3D"presentation" width=
=3D"38" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td ali=
gn=3D"center"><a class=3D"email-icon-button" href=3D"https://substack.com/a=
pp-link/post?publication_id=3D3365367&post_id=3D192109320&utm_source=3Dsubs=
tack&utm_medium=3Demail&utm_content=3Dshare&utm_campaign=3Demail-share&acti=
on=3Dshare&triggerShare=3Dtrue&isFreemail=3Dtrue&r=3D4iwoe6&token=3DeyJ1c2V=
yX2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MjEwOTMyMCwiaWF0IjoxNzc0NDU0MTQxLCJleH=
AiOjE3NzcwNDYxNDEsImlzcyI6InB1Yi0zMzY1MzY3Iiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.=
p_yv-e4FMG7C0w9UXDvOil3gebxKhxHQaHPsgf42WTE" style=3D"font-family: system-u=
i,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-s=
erif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline=
-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999=
px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1;padding: 9px 0;=
text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);min-width: 38px;box-sizing: b=
order-box;width: 38px"><img class=3D"icon" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/i=
mage/fetch/$s_!_L14!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/ht=
tps%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideShare2%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill=
%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18=
" style=3D"border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" alt=3D""></=
a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width=3D"8" style=3D"min-width:8px;"><=
/td><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><table role=3D"presentation" width=
=3D"38" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td ali=
gn=3D"center"><a class=3D"email-icon-button" href=3D"https://substack.com/r=
edirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9vcGVuLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9wdWIvZGVyZWtwcnVza2kvc=
C9wbmMtMjctdGhlLXJlc2VhcmNoLXBlcHRpZGUtdGhhdD91dG1fc291cmNlPXN1YnN0YWNrJnV0=
bV9tZWRpdW09ZW1haWwmdXRtX2NhbXBhaWduPWVtYWlsLXJlc3RhY2stY29tbWVudCZhY3Rpb24=
9cmVzdGFjay1jb21tZW50JnI9NGl3b2U2JnRva2VuPWV5SjFjMlZ5WDJsa0lqb3lOek0yTWpJek=
9UZ3NJbkJ2YzNSZmFXUWlPakU1TWpFd09UTXlNQ3dpYVdGMElqb3hOemMwTkRVME1UUXhMQ0psZ=
UhBaU9qRTNOemN3TkRZeE5ERXNJbWx6Y3lJNkluQjFZaTB6TXpZMU16WTNJaXdpYzNWaUlqb2lj=
Rzl6ZEMxeVpXRmpkR2x2YmlKOS5wX3l2LWU0Rk1HN0MwdzlVWER2T2lsM2dlYnhLaHhIUWFIUHN=
nZjQyV1RFIiwicCI6MTkyMTA5MzIwLCJzIjozMzY1MzY3LCJmIjp0cnVlLCJ1IjoyNzM2MjIzOT=
gsImlhdCI6MTc3NDQ1NDE0MSwiZXhwIjoyMDkwMDMwMTQxLCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMCIsInN1YiI6I=
mxpbmstcmVkaXJlY3QifQ.NYk2x_Dlmov1_hL9ElM6IcmlcGsYJnGx2ZctjmwbovA?&utm_sour=
ce=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail" style=3D"font-family: system-ui,-apple-sy=
stem,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple=
 Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font=
-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-tra=
nsform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1;padding: 9px 0;text-decora=
tion: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);min-width: 38px;box-sizing: border-box;w=
idth: 38px"><img class=3D"icon" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/=
$s_!5EGt!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2=
Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FNoteForwardIcon%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%=
26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" style=
=3D"border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" alt=3D""></a></td>=
</tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td align=3D"right"><ta=
ble role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cel=
lpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><table role=
=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=
=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center"><a class=3D"email-button-outline" hr=
ef=3D"https://open.substack.com/pub/derekpruski/p/pnc-27-the-research-pepti=
de-that?utm_source=3Demail&redirect=3Dapp-store&utm_campaign=3Demail-read-i=
n-app" style=3D"font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Se=
goe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emo=
ji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px so=
lid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size=
: 12px;line-height: 12px;padding: 9px 14px;text-decoration: none;color: rgb=
(119,119,119);"><div class=3D"email-button-spacer" style=3D"font-size: 16px=
;line-height: 26px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;max-width: =
0;min-height: 18px;"></div><span class=3D"email-button-text" style=3D"verti=
cal-align: middle;margin-right: 4px">READ IN APP</span><img class=3D"icon t=
ext-icon" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ET-_!,w_36,c_scale=
,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2=
FLucideArrowUpRight%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808=
080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" style=3D"min-width: 18px;=
min-height: 18px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;margin-right: 0;margin=
-left: 0;max-width: 18px" alt=3D""></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr>=
</tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr height=3D"16"><td h=
eight=3D"16" style=3D"font-size:0px;line-height:0;">&nbsp;</td></tr></tbody=
></table></div></div><div class=3D"post typography" dir=3D"auto" style=3D"-=
-image-offset-margin: -120px;padding: 32px 0 0 0;font-size: 16px;line-heigh=
t: 26px;"><div class=3D"body markup" dir=3D"auto" style=3D"text-align: init=
ial;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;width: 100%;word-break: break-word;ma=
rgin-bottom: 16px;"><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);lin=
e-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;margin-top: 0;">If you&#8217;ve never heard =
of PNC-27, you&#8217;re not alone &#8212; it&#8217;s one of the more unique=
 compounds being studied in the research space, and the mechanism is unlike=
 almost anything else in the peptide world. Let me break it down from the g=
round up so it actually makes sense.</p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;colo=
r: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">All compounds referenc=
ed in this post are for research use only, not for human consumption.</p><d=
iv class=3D"captioned-image-container-static" style=3D"font-size: 16px;line=
-height: 26px;margin: 32px auto;"><figure style=3D"width: 100%;margin: 0 au=
to;"><table class=3D"image-wrapper" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=
=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" data-component-name=3D"Image2ToDOMStatic" style=3D=
"mso-padding-alt: 1em 0 1.6em;"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"text-align: center;=
"></td><td class=3D"content" align=3D"left" width=3D"1024" style=3D"text-al=
ign: center;"><a class=3D"image-link" target=3D"_blank" href=3D"https://sub=
stack.com/redirect/75042d59-578b-469e-92ee-be49282b4783?j=3DeyJ1IjoiNGl3b2U=
2In0.sVDxRtmZ85v8kfdamY0krRXGMy3p768BWtuZifRB-Zs" rel=3D"" style=3D"positio=
n: relative;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;padding: 0;width: au=
to;height: auto;border: none;text-decoration: none;display: block;margin: 0=
;"><img class=3D"wide-image" data-attrs=3D"{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://s=
ubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/06ba59cb-4226-4386-a7d9-c=
d3c50bcbd72_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fulls=
creen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1024,&quot;w=
idth&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:397619,&quot=
;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quo=
t;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot=
;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://derekpruski.substack.com/=
i/192109320?img=3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpubl=
ic%2Fimages%2F06ba59cb-4226-4386-a7d9-cd3c50bcbd72_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quo=
t;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}=
" alt=3D"" width=3D"550" height=3D"550" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/imag=
e/fetch/$s_!eJF2!,w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/ht=
tps%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06ba59=
cb-4226-4386-a7d9-cd3c50bcbd72_1024x1024.png" style=3D"border: none !import=
ant;vertical-align: middle;display: block;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;h=
eight: auto;margin-bottom: 0;width: auto !important;max-width: 100% !import=
ant;margin: 0 auto;"></a></td><td style=3D"text-align: center;"></td></tr><=
/tbody></table></figure></div><div style=3D"font-size: 16px;line-height: 26=
px;"><hr style=3D"margin: 32px 0;padding: 0;height: 1px;background: rgb(0,0=
,0,.1);border: none;"></div><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55=
,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><strong>What Is PNC-27?</strong></=
p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;fon=
t-size: 16px;">PNC-27 is a synthetic research peptide that was developed wi=
th a very specific goal: to selectively target and destroy cancer cells whi=
le leaving healthy cells alone.</p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rg=
b(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">That&#8217;s a bold thing t=
o say, so let&#8217;s walk through exactly how the research suggests it doe=
s that &#8212; because the mechanism is actually fascinating once you under=
stand what&#8217;s happening.</p><div style=3D"font-size: 16px;line-height:=
 26px;"><hr style=3D"margin: 32px 0;padding: 0;height: 1px;background: rgb(=
0,0,0,.1);border: none;"></div><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54=
,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><strong>The Two-Part Design</st=
rong></p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 2=
6px;font-size: 16px;">PNC-27 is essentially a two-part peptide. Each part h=
as a distinct job, and they work together in sequence.</p><p style=3D"margi=
n: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><str=
ong>Part One: The Targeting System</strong></p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px=
 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">The first part =
of PNC-27 is derived from a protein your body already makes called p53.</p>=
<p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-=
size: 16px;">p53 is one of the most important proteins in the human body. I=
ts job is to act as a tumor suppressor &#8212; essentially a quality contro=
l checkpoint that monitors cells for damage or abnormal behavior. When a ce=
ll starts behaving incorrectly, p53 steps in and triggers a process called =
apoptosis, which is just a technical word for programmed cell death. Think =
of it like p53 hitting a self-destruct button on a damaged or dangerous cel=
l before it can become a problem.</p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: =
rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">Now here&#8217;s where it=
 gets interesting. Cancer cells have figured out how to disable p53. One of=
 the primary ways they do this is through a protein called MDM2 (sometimes =
called HDM2 in humans). MDM2 essentially grabs onto p53 and prevents it fro=
m doing its job &#8212; it&#8217;s like putting a lock on the self-destruct=
 button so the cancer cell can keep dividing unchecked.</p><p style=3D"marg=
in: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">The=
 first part of PNC-27 is designed to mimic the exact region of p53 that MDM=
2 binds to. In research, this allows PNC-27 to recognize and bind to MDM2 d=
irectly &#8212; essentially using the cancer cell&#8217;s own defense mecha=
nism as a homing signal.</p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55=
,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">In plain terms: cancer cells overe=
xpress MDM2, and PNC-27 uses that as a GPS to find them.</p><p style=3D"mar=
gin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><s=
trong>Part Two: The Disruptor</strong></p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;co=
lor: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">Once PNC-27 has loca=
ted and engaged its target, the second part of the peptide goes to work.</p=
><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font=
-size: 16px;">This portion is what researchers call a membrane-active domai=
n. Its job is to interact with and disrupt the cell membrane &#8212; the ou=
ter wall of the cell.</p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55=
);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">Here&#8217;s why this matters: cancer=
 cell membranes have a different composition than healthy cell membranes. T=
hey carry different electrical charges and structural properties that make =
them more susceptible to this kind of disruption. In research models, once =
PNC-27 binds to MDM2 on the cancer cell surface, the membrane-active domain=
 inserts itself into the membrane and creates pores &#8212; essentially pun=
ching holes in the outer wall of the cancer cell.</p><p style=3D"margin: 0 =
0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">When a ce=
ll&#8217;s membrane is compromised like this, it can no longer maintain its=
 internal environment. The cell loses structural integrity and dies.</p><p =
style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-siz=
e: 16px;">Think of it like this: Part One is the key that finds the right l=
ock. Part Two is what kicks the door down once it&#8217;s found.</p><div st=
yle=3D"font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;"><hr style=3D"margin: 32px 0;padd=
ing: 0;height: 1px;background: rgb(0,0,0,.1);border: none;"></div><p style=
=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16=
px;"><strong>Why Is This Significant in Research?</strong></p><p style=3D"m=
argin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">=
Most conventional approaches to targeting cancer cells are not selective &#=
8212; they affect rapidly dividing cells broadly, which is why there are so=
 many difficult side effects associated with them. The collateral damage to=
 healthy tissue is a major research challenge.</p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 2=
0px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">PNC-27&#8217=
;s proposed mechanism is significant because it relies on a marker &#8212; =
MDM2 overexpression &#8212; that is far more prevalent in cancer cells than=
 in healthy ones. In research models, healthy cells with normal MDM2 levels=
 have shown far less susceptibility to PNC-27&#8217;s membrane disruption e=
ffect.</p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: =
26px;font-size: 16px;">This selectivity is what makes it an interesting are=
a of ongoing research.</p><div style=3D"font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;"=
><hr style=3D"margin: 32px 0;padding: 0;height: 1px;background: rgb(0,0,0,.=
1);border: none;"></div><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55)=
;line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><strong>What Does the Research Actuall=
y Show?</strong></p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);lin=
e-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">Research on PNC-27 has demonstrated activi=
ty against multiple cancer cell lines in laboratory settings, including pan=
creatic, breast, and leukemia cell lines. In these studies, PNC-27 has show=
n the ability to induce membrane disruption and cell death selectively in c=
ancer cells while leaving non-cancerous cells largely intact.</p><p style=
=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16=
px;">It is important to note that the bulk of this research has been conduc=
ted in cell cultures and early animal models. PNC-27 is still in research s=
tages, and conclusions about efficacy or application cannot be drawn beyond=
 what controlled research settings have produced.</p><div style=3D"font-siz=
e: 16px;line-height: 26px;"><hr style=3D"margin: 32px 0;padding: 0;height: =
1px;background: rgb(0,0,0,.1);border: none;"></div><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 =
20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><strong>The=
 Takeaway for Beginner Researchers</strong></p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px=
 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">PNC-27 is one o=
f the more conceptually elegant compounds in the research space. Rather tha=
n broadly attacking any fast-dividing cell, it uses a two-step mechanism: f=
ind cancer cells by their own defense protein, then exploit the structural =
vulnerability of their membrane to induce cell death.</p><p style=3D"margin=
: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">The r=
esearch is early but genuinely interesting, and it represents a broader dir=
ection in peptide research toward compounds that are highly targeted rather=
 than broadly acting.</p><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55=
);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">As always &#8212; research use only, =
not for human consumption. If this is an area you&#8217;re exploring, make =
sure you&#8217;re sourcing from vendors with current, verified COAs and thi=
rd-party testing.</p><div class=3D"subscribe-widget is-signed-up" data-comp=
onent-name=3D"SubscribeWidget" style=3D"margin: 0 0 1em;direction: ltr;font=
-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;margin-bottom: 0;"><div class=3D"pencraft pc-=
reset button-wrapper" style=3D"text-decoration: unset;list-style: none;font=
-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;text-align: center;cursor: pointer;border-rad=
ius: 4px;"><a class=3D"button subscribe-btn primary" href=3D"https://substa=
ck.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kZXJla3BydXNraS5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vc3Vic=
2NyaWJlP3V0bV9zb3VyY2U9cG9zdCZ1dG1fY2FtcGFpZ249ZW1haWwtY2hlY2tvdXQmbmV4dD1o=
dHRwcyUzQSUyRiUyRmRlcmVrcHJ1c2tpLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbSUyRnAlMkZwbmMtMjctdGhlLXJ=
lc2VhcmNoLXBlcHRpZGUtdGhhdCZyPTRpd29lNiZ0b2tlbj1leUoxYzJWeVgybGtJam95TnpNMk=
1qSXpPVGdzSW1saGRDSTZNVGMzTkRRMU5ERTBNU3dpWlhod0lqb3hOemMzTURRMk1UUXhMQ0pwY=
zNNaU9pSndkV0l0TXpNMk5UTTJOeUlzSW5OMVlpSTZJbU5vWldOcmIzVjBJbjAuTjV5SHhScS0w=
d0VfbC1tNmJkNVNTUXg2U2RDVm1kLS1BQllmSUJ0YzlHNCIsInAiOjE5MjEwOTMyMCwicyI6MzM=
2NTM2NywiZiI6dHJ1ZSwidSI6MjczNjIyMzk4LCJpYXQiOjE3NzQ0NTQxNDEsImV4cCI6MjA5MD=
AzMDE0MSwiaXNzIjoicHViLTAiLCJzdWIiOiJsaW5rLXJlZGlyZWN0In0.pwl4tRhcKHlqKtkVx=
HsR4vJvu1NBkghyIr164Yg3j0E?&utm_medium=3Demail&utm_source=3Dsubscribe-widge=
t&utm_content=3D192109320" style=3D"font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,Bl=
inkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color =
Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;box-sizing:=
 border-box;cursor: pointer;border: none;border-radius: 8px;font-size: 14px=
;line-height: 20px;font-weight: 600;text-align: center;opacity: 1;outline: =
none;white-space: nowrap;text-decoration: none !important;margin: 0 auto;ba=
ckground-color: #FF6719;color: #ffffff !important;padding: 12px 20px;height=
: auto;"><span style=3D"color: #ffffff;text-decoration: none;">Upgrade to p=
aid</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class=3D"container-border" style=
=3D"margin: 32px 0 0;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-top: 1px sol=
id #e6e6e6;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;"></div><div class=3D"post-cta=
 typography markup" style=3D"--image-offset-margin: -120px;text-align: init=
ial;word-break: break-word;margin-bottom: 32px;margin: 32px 0;font-size: 16=
px;line-height: 26px;"><p style=3D"color: rgb(54,55,55);margin: 0 auto 20px=
;text-align: center;width: 90%;line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;margin-top=
: 0;"><span class=3D"pencraft pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ" translated=3D"" style=
=3D"list-style: none;color: unset;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;">You're=
 currently a free subscriber to <a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/80=
3fd623-b003-4f97-8f8b-429d5259a26b?j=3DeyJ1IjoiNGl3b2U2In0.sVDxRtmZ85v8kfda=
mY0krRXGMy3p768BWtuZifRB-Zs" style=3D"color: #ff6719;text-decoration: none;=
">Peptide Price</a>. For the full experience, <a href=3D"https://substack.c=
om/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kZXJla3BydXNraS5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vc3Vic2Nya=
WJlP3V0bV9zb3VyY2U9cG9zdCZ1dG1fY2FtcGFpZ249ZW1haWwtY2hlY2tvdXQmbmV4dD1odHRw=
cyUzQSUyRiUyRmRlcmVrcHJ1c2tpLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbSUyRnAlMkZwbmMtMjctdGhlLXJlc2V=
hcmNoLXBlcHRpZGUtdGhhdCZyPTRpd29lNiZ0b2tlbj1leUoxYzJWeVgybGtJam95TnpNMk1qSX=
pPVGdzSW1saGRDSTZNVGMzTkRRMU5ERTBNU3dpWlhod0lqb3hOemMzTURRMk1UUXhMQ0pwYzNNa=
U9pSndkV0l0TXpNMk5UTTJOeUlzSW5OMVlpSTZJbU5vWldOcmIzVjBJbjAuTjV5SHhScS0wd0Vf=
bC1tNmJkNVNTUXg2U2RDVm1kLS1BQllmSUJ0YzlHNCIsInAiOjE5MjEwOTMyMCwicyI6MzM2NTM=
2NywiZiI6dHJ1ZSwidSI6MjczNjIyMzk4LCJpYXQiOjE3NzQ0NTQxNDEsImV4cCI6MjA5MDAzMD=
E0MSwiaXNzIjoicHViLTAiLCJzdWIiOiJsaW5rLXJlZGlyZWN0In0.pwl4tRhcKHlqKtkVxHsR4=
vJvu1NBkghyIr164Yg3j0E?&utm_source=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail&utm_conten=
t=3Dpostcta" style=3D"color: #ff6719;text-decoration: none;">upgrade your s=
ubscription.</a></span></p><p class=3D"cta-box" style=3D"color: rgb(54,55,5=
5);margin: 0 auto 20px;width: 90%;line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;margin-=
bottom: 0;text-align: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;"><a clas=
s=3D"button primary" role=3D"button" href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/=
2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kZXJla3BydXNraS5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vc3Vic2NyaWJlP3V0bV9zb=
3VyY2U9cG9zdCZ1dG1fY2FtcGFpZ249ZW1haWwtY2hlY2tvdXQmbmV4dD1odHRwcyUzQSUyRiUy=
RmRlcmVrcHJ1c2tpLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbSUyRnAlMkZwbmMtMjctdGhlLXJlc2VhcmNoLXBlcHR=
pZGUtdGhhdCZyPTRpd29lNiZ0b2tlbj1leUoxYzJWeVgybGtJam95TnpNMk1qSXpPVGdzSW1saG=
RDSTZNVGMzTkRRMU5ERTBNU3dpWlhod0lqb3hOemMzTURRMk1UUXhMQ0pwYzNNaU9pSndkV0l0T=
XpNMk5UTTJOeUlzSW5OMVlpSTZJbU5vWldOcmIzVjBJbjAuTjV5SHhScS0wd0VfbC1tNmJkNVNT=
UXg2U2RDVm1kLS1BQllmSUJ0YzlHNCIsInAiOjE5MjEwOTMyMCwicyI6MzM2NTM2NywiZiI6dHJ=
1ZSwidSI6MjczNjIyMzk4LCJpYXQiOjE3NzQ0NTQxNDEsImV4cCI6MjA5MDAzMDE0MSwiaXNzIj=
oicHViLTAiLCJzdWIiOiJsaW5rLXJlZGlyZWN0In0.pwl4tRhcKHlqKtkVxHsR4vJvu1NBkghyI=
r164Yg3j0E?&utm_source=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail&utm_content=3Dpostcta"=
 style=3D"font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI=
',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','S=
egoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;cursor: pointe=
r;border: none;height: 40px;border-radius: 8px;font-size: 14px;line-height:=
 20px;font-weight: 600;text-align: center;padding: 10px 20px;margin: 0;opac=
ity: 1;outline: none;white-space: nowrap;color: #ffffff !important;text-dec=
oration: none !important;background-color: #FF6719;">Upgrade to paid</a></p=
></div><table class=3D"email-ufi-2-bottom" role=3D"presentation" width=3D"1=
00%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D"border-top: =
1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);min-width: 1=
00%;"><tbody><tr height=3D"16"><td height=3D"16" style=3D"font-size:0px;lin=
e-height:0;">&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td><table class=3D"email-ufi-2-row" role=
=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=
=3D"0" style=3D"border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);"><tbody><tr><td wid=
th=3D"95%"><table class=3D"email-button-outline-wrapper-full-width" role=3D=
"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D=
"0" style=3D"width: 95%;margin: 0 auto;"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center"><a=
 class=3D"email-button-outline full-width" href=3D"https://substack.com/app=
-link/post?publication_id=3D3365367&post_id=3D192109320&utm_source=3Dsubsta=
ck&utm_medium=3Demail&utm_content=3Dshare&utm_campaign=3Demail-share&action=
=3Dshare&triggerShare=3Dtrue&isFreemail=3Dtrue&r=3D4iwoe6&token=3DeyJ1c2VyX=
2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MjEwOTMyMCwiaWF0IjoxNzc0NDU0MTQxLCJleHAi=
OjE3NzcwNDYxNDEsImlzcyI6InB1Yi0zMzY1MzY3Iiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.p_=
yv-e4FMG7C0w9UXDvOil3gebxKhxHQaHPsgf42WTE" style=3D"font-family: system-ui,=
-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-ser=
if,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-b=
lock;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px=
;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 12px;padding: 9px 1=
4px;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);width: 100%;padding-left:=
 0;padding-right: 0;"><img class=3D"icon" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/im=
age/fetch/$s_!rmYa!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/htt=
ps%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideShare%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3=
Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" =
style=3D"margin-right: 8px;min-width: 18px;min-height: 18px;border: none;ve=
rtical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" alt=3D""><span class=3D"email-button-=
text" style=3D"vertical-align: middle;">Share</span></a></td></tr></tbody><=
/table></td></tr><tr height=3D"16"><td height=3D"16" style=3D"font-size:0px=
;line-height:0;">&nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr height=3D"16=
"><td height=3D"16" style=3D"font-size:0px;line-height:0;">&nbsp;</td></tr>=
<tr><td><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacin=
g=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td><table role=3D"presentation" width=
=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D"margin:=
0 auto;"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><table role=3D"pre=
sentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0">=
<tbody><tr><td align=3D"center"><a class=3D"email-button-outline" href=3D"h=
ttps://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3D3365367&post_id=3D192109=
320&utm_source=3Dsubstack&isFreemail=3Dtrue&submitLike=3Dtrue&token=3DeyJ1c=
2VyX2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MjEwOTMyMCwicmVhY3Rpb24iOiLinaQiLCJp=
YXQiOjE3NzQ0NTQxNDEsImV4cCI6MTc3NzA0NjE0MSwiaXNzIjoicHViLTMzNjUzNjciLCJzdWI=
iOiJyZWFjdGlvbiJ9.hoqDy1qXIS6gKDTioWXMw98jWY1EGqTnvohloxlBqyE&utm_medium=3D=
email&utm_campaign=3Demail-reaction&r=3D4iwoe6" style=3D"font-family: syste=
m-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,san=
s-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inl=
ine-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9=
999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 12px;padding: =
9px 14px;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);"><img class=3D"icon=
" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PeVs!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q=
_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideH=
eart%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWid=
th%3D2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" style=3D"margin-right: 8px;min-width: 18=
px;min-height: 18px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" al=
t=3D""><span class=3D"email-button-text" style=3D"vertical-align: middle;">=
Like</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width=3D"8" style=3D"min-=
width:8px;"></td><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><table role=3D"presen=
tation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tb=
ody><tr><td align=3D"center"><a class=3D"email-button-outline" href=3D"http=
s://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3D3365367&post_id=3D192109320=
&utm_source=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail&isFreemail=3Dtrue&comments=3Dtrue=
&token=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MjEwOTMyMCwiaWF0IjoxNz=
c0NDU0MTQxLCJleHAiOjE3NzcwNDYxNDEsImlzcyI6InB1Yi0zMzY1MzY3Iiwic3ViIjoicG9zd=
C1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.p_yv-e4FMG7C0w9UXDvOil3gebxKhxHQaHPsgf42WTE&r=3D4iwoe6&utm_=
campaign=3Demail-half-magic-comments&action=3Dpost-comment&utm_source=3Dsub=
stack&utm_medium=3Demail" style=3D"font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,Bli=
nkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color E=
moji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-weight:=
 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: =
uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 12px;padding: 9px 14px;text-decorati=
on: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);"><img class=3D"icon" src=3D"https://subst=
ackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x1tS!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progress=
ive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideComments%3Fv%3D4%26heig=
ht%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width=3D"18=
" height=3D"18" style=3D"margin-right: 8px;min-width: 18px;min-height: 18px=
;border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" alt=3D""><span class=
=3D"email-button-text" style=3D"vertical-align: middle;">Comment</span></a>=
</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width=3D"8" style=3D"min-width:8px;"></t=
d><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><table role=3D"presentation" width=
=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td a=
lign=3D"center"><a class=3D"email-button-outline" href=3D"https://substack.=
com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9vcGVuLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9wdWIvZGVyZWtwcnVz=
a2kvcC9wbmMtMjctdGhlLXJlc2VhcmNoLXBlcHRpZGUtdGhhdD91dG1fc291cmNlPXN1YnN0YWN=
rJnV0bV9tZWRpdW09ZW1haWwmdXRtX2NhbXBhaWduPWVtYWlsLXJlc3RhY2stY29tbWVudCZhY3=
Rpb249cmVzdGFjay1jb21tZW50JnI9NGl3b2U2JnRva2VuPWV5SjFjMlZ5WDJsa0lqb3lOek0yT=
WpJek9UZ3NJbkJ2YzNSZmFXUWlPakU1TWpFd09UTXlNQ3dpYVdGMElqb3hOemMwTkRVME1UUXhM=
Q0psZUhBaU9qRTNOemN3TkRZeE5ERXNJbWx6Y3lJNkluQjFZaTB6TXpZMU16WTNJaXdpYzNWaUl=
qb2ljRzl6ZEMxeVpXRmpkR2x2YmlKOS5wX3l2LWU0Rk1HN0MwdzlVWER2T2lsM2dlYnhLaHhIUW=
FIUHNnZjQyV1RFIiwicCI6MTkyMTA5MzIwLCJzIjozMzY1MzY3LCJmIjp0cnVlLCJ1IjoyNzM2M=
jIzOTgsImlhdCI6MTc3NDQ1NDE0MSwiZXhwIjoyMDkwMDMwMTQxLCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMCIsInN1=
YiI6ImxpbmstcmVkaXJlY3QifQ.NYk2x_Dlmov1_hL9ElM6IcmlcGsYJnGx2ZctjmwbovA?&utm=
_source=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail" style=3D"font-family: system-ui,-app=
le-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'=
Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block=
;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;tex=
t-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 12px;padding: 9px 14px;=
text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);"><img class=3D"icon" src=3D"=
https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5EGt!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:goo=
d,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FNoteForwardIcon%=
3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D=
2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" style=3D"margin-right: 8px;min-width: 18px;mi=
n-height: 18px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" alt=3D"=
"><span class=3D"email-button-text" style=3D"vertical-align: middle;">Resta=
ck</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td a=
lign=3D"right"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cel=
lspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr></tr></tbody></table></td></tr>=
</tbody></table></td></tr><tr height=3D"16"><td height=3D"16" style=3D"font=
-size:0px;line-height:0;">&nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></table><div class=3D"foo=
ter footer-ZM59BM" style=3D"color: rgb(119,119,119);text-align: center;font=
-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;padding: 24px0;"><div style=3D"font-size: 16p=
x;line-height: 26px;padding-bottom: 24px"><p class=3D"pencraft pc-reset col=
or-secondary-ls1g8s size-12-mmZ61m reset-IxiVJZ small meta-B2bqa5" style=3D=
"list-style: none;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'=
Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI E=
moji','Segoe UI Symbol';padding-bottom: 0;font-size: 12px;line-height: 16px=
;margin: 0;color: rgb(119,119,119);text-decoration: unset;">&#169; 2026 <sp=
an>Derek Pruski</span><br>548 Market Street PMB 72296, San Francisco, CA 94=
104 <br><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kZXJl=
a3BydXNraS5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vYWN0aW9uL2Rpc2FibGVfZW1haWw_dG9rZW49ZXlKMWMyVnl=
YMmxrSWpveU56TTJNakl6T1Rnc0luQnZjM1JmYVdRaU9qRTVNakV3T1RNeU1Dd2lhV0YwSWpveE=
56YzBORFUwTVRReExDSmxlSEFpT2pFNE1EVTVPVEF4TkRFc0ltbHpjeUk2SW5CMVlpMHpNelkxT=
XpZM0lpd2ljM1ZpSWpvaVpHbHpZV0pzWlY5bGJXRnBiQ0o5LkYwU0gyaWVxZ2hjbXpnYUxtRmxI=
ODYxR0dJeHEyN0dybDdpTVdGZC00U1UiLCJwIjoxOTIxMDkzMjAsInMiOjMzNjUzNjcsImYiOnR=
ydWUsInUiOjI3MzYyMjM5OCwiaWF0IjoxNzc0NDU0MTQxLCJleHAiOjIwOTAwMzAxNDEsImlzcy=
I6InB1Yi0wIiwic3ViIjoibGluay1yZWRpcmVjdCJ9.a7szs1Nx54V_pyE1J_VEMfGqdP4CHbhn=
8o2eXXCoUFA?" style=3D"color: #ff6719;text-decoration: none;"><span style=
=3D"color: rgb(119,119,119);text-decoration: underline;">Unsubscribe</span>=
</a></p></div><p class=3D"footerSection-EHR0jG small powered-by-substack" s=
tyle=3D"padding: 0 24px;font-size: 12px;line-height: 20px;margin: 0;color: =
rgb(119,119,119);font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'S=
egoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Em=
oji','Segoe UI Symbol';padding-bottom: 0;margin-top: 0;"><a href=3D"https:/=
/substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vc2lnbnVwP3V0bV=
9zb3VyY2U9c3Vic3RhY2smdXRtX21lZGl1bT1lbWFpbCZ1dG1fY29udGVudD1mb290ZXImdXRtX=
2NhbXBhaWduPWF1dG9maWxsZWQtZm9vdGVyJmZyZWVTaWdudXBFbWFpbD10anBodWhzQGdtYWls=
LmNvbSZyPTRpd29lNiIsInAiOjE5MjEwOTMyMCwicyI6MzM2NTM2NywiZiI6dHJ1ZSwidSI6Mjc=
zNjIyMzk4LCJpYXQiOjE3NzQ0NTQxNDEsImV4cCI6MjA5MDAzMDE0MSwiaXNzIjoicHViLTAiLC=
JzdWIiOiJsaW5rLXJlZGlyZWN0In0.-trIMkhThVkHOgiNqg25EUUYLvoMlgH7a-y6JoyYngw?"=
 style=3D"color: #ff6719;text-decoration: none;display: inline-block;margin=
: 0 4px;"><img src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LkrL!,w_270,c=
_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2=
Fimg%2Femail%2Fpublish-button%402x.png" srcset=3D"https://substackcdn.com/i=
mage/fetch/$s_!wgfj!,w_135,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/=
https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Femail%2Fpublish-button.png, https://subs=
tackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LkrL!,w_270,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progr=
essive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Femail%2Fpublish-button%402x=
=2Epng 2x, https://substackcdn.com/imag=
e/fetch/$s_!KjtY!,w_405,c_limit,f_auto=
,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Femail%=
2Fpublish-button%403x.png 3x" width=3D"135" alt=3D"Start writing" height=3D=
"40" style=3D"max-width: 550px;border: none !important;vertical-align: midd=
le;"></a></p></div></div></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><img src=3D"htt=
ps://eotrx.substackcdn.com/open?token=3DeyJtIjoiPDIwMjYwMzI1MTU1NTI2LjMuNDR=
hYTA3ZDM0M2IxMDQ0ZEBtZzIuc3Vic3RhY2suY29tPiIsInUiOjI3MzYyMjM5OCwiciI6InRqcG=
h1aHNAZ21haWwuY29tIiwiZCI6Im1nMi5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20iLCJwIjoxOTIxMDkzMjAsInQiO=
iJuZXdzbGV0dGVyIiwiYSI6ImV2ZXJ5b25lIiwicyI6MzM2NTM2NywiYyI6InBvc3QiLCJmIjp0=
cnVlLCJwb3NpdGlvbiI6ImJvdHRvbSIsImlhdCI6MTc3NDQ1NDE0MSwiZXhwIjoxNzc3MDQ2MTQ=
xLCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMCIsInN1YiI6ImVvIn0.cyhYo1hfKNL88upAgIeYMBdIgfvJ_GzHbCLp65=
mR0dI" alt=3D"" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" border=3D"0" style=3D"height:1px !=
important;width:1px !important;border-width:0 !important;margin-top:0 !impo=
rtant;margin-bottom:0 !important;margin-right:0 !important;margin-left:0 !i=
mportant;padding-top:0 !important;padding-bottom:0 !important;padding-right=
:0 !important;padding-left:0 !important;"/><img width=3D"1" height=3D"1" al=
t=3D"" src=3D"https://email.mg2.substack.com/o/eJxE0EmOwyAQheHThKXFUIBZcBaL=
oeLQscFiSMu3bzmJ1NtX0q9PFVzHtdTTHqV1Ei1ENsuZoGVaA0hgwAnuLm3Lihmr6xgX1_-vTGp=
NHhYoYlBGRwp4N0ZHEVyQwahw92GeBUmWU66o4JJJKbmaxATgHNVRgPCMAsQb0H3lUxu-dReeUy=
g7SW25V3wDbK8DycVc3IgJc0CLL6xnyd85RcsMZ9QITj9LPw-0GX_bhr1jJcfwSyj7PnLq54LZ-=
Q3jNzz8loLrqeQrJISSQmlSbf85HuPRbkDXi_FmteFj2V3KNmLF51FHeybSP08cDeuV4FoozoWZ=
ycvyvwAAAP__mtF3Nw"></body></html>
--be792e3b0abe1ebbf9036419af07d003543528cdd5b77ba5cd5cca2230b7--
