Delivered-To: tjphuhs@gmail.com
Received: by 2002:adf:e74f:0:b0:439:fcfb:30e with SMTP id c15csp918781wrn;
        Thu, 19 Mar 2026 04:37:30 -0700 (PDT)
X-Received: by 2002:ac8:7e8c:0:b0:4ff:c17b:5ab0 with SMTP id d75a77b69052e-50b14745bc4mr95750281cf.9.1773920250662;
        Thu, 19 Mar 2026 04:37:30 -0700 (PDT)
ARC-Seal: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; t=1773920250; cv=none;
        d=google.com; s=arc-20240605;
        b=KmWslhgwqeOIuiiUL4bVrJH0PXaN/pQuC0cY+eEzQLErKMg8EZ2H4DPRCNFhvXJlbf
         4Y1kTnoapuA49Qb5Bcml2RwoYm6mORmxp7KG4cdyvn8bnkvKfyMrp1LfvaM0LmZQtLQK
         2oWwU0NTs4McNwdNIZx1Rh29uZPK/5YsodivhWiby5HpJdXh8SLgkeCpQRn4HQAD90Sd
         nqhOidcbMXjG9GvNyp++J6xNtD+hcgQkan3pn2SIPy9DPkkD6QCaS/Jnz+oXDOR8NxGC
         U27Barj154kOMIYCynJo/n+grTvJvre1i10eyqab1h5/IrVkS+iUUsY+DW7IUI22jfaQ
         SErg==
ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=google.com; s=arc-20240605;
        h=list-unsubscribe-post:list-unsubscribe:list-post:list-id
         :list-archive:list-url:list-owner:reply-to:in-reply-to:references
         :sender:feedback-id:date:message-id:to:from:subject:mime-version
         :dkim-signature:dkim-signature;
        bh=qwDpCmE7TjHMJ+/KU8mGoSHpp9HEhJObnA79EJCd4Oc=;
        fh=9zP21OW67FFZD2VV42mGudo540Qp4aalMWxJB5kMYug=;
        b=HNq7JmpXbLpNeFvrzN3XMEbDHANF7hcgotfzTkCzOk+nNxKPtTTSerdrfcTpO6O5Ec
         JpbubAk522vF+Vz2ZpCXy2UyLdBJgJraFOkL55JN8QCRdPK3ByyyciAYgV1ee4Fer0Xf
         TNJg5CChkbrGFsPO9AK2jhEB5zZSz5BZWN2zjQOmy5wSM6j66No2BT051Nop9ZFcyiTM
         rhDqHcIsrzhXLMw2Bak0R2HrceCNQTUVC90srydIsSM7iiSy0yJFKJp1sYIIZSy++Ipw
         3bsO4RaTQGRR1a7IG10RBK44K8R6wIJ6xP7KMzEUfnn39dsmX9NzHtiLUndXWg2+TwpI
         wyXg==;
        dara=google.com
ARC-Authentication-Results: i=1; mx.google.com;
       dkim=pass header.i=@mg-d1.substack.com header.s=k1 header.b=YSc7PzYb;
       dkim=pass header.i=@mailgun.org header.s=mg header.b=MN2ren5c;
       spf=pass (google.com: domain of bounce+30b528.39b08c6-tjphuhs=gmail.com@mg-d1.substack.com designates 159.112.244.31 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom="bounce+30b528.39b08c6-tjphuhs=gmail.com@mg-d1.substack.com";
       dmarc=pass (p=REJECT sp=REJECT dis=NONE) header.from=substack.com
Return-Path: <bounce+30b528.39b08c6-tjphuhs=gmail.com@mg-d1.substack.com>
Received: from v531.v5375b7fa.use4.send.mailgun.net (v531.v5375b7fa.use4.send.mailgun.net. [159.112.244.31])
        by mx.google.com with UTF8SMTPS id d75a77b69052e-50b137a1d9dsi78936181cf.256.2026.03.19.04.37.30
        for <tjphuhs@gmail.com>
        (version=TLS1_2 cipher=ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 bits=128/128);
        Thu, 19 Mar 2026 04:37:30 -0700 (PDT)
Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of bounce+30b528.39b08c6-tjphuhs=gmail.com@mg-d1.substack.com designates 159.112.244.31 as permitted sender) client-ip=159.112.244.31;
Authentication-Results: mx.google.com;
       dkim=pass header.i=@mg-d1.substack.com header.s=k1 header.b=YSc7PzYb;
       dkim=pass header.i=@mailgun.org header.s=mg header.b=MN2ren5c;
       spf=pass (google.com: domain of bounce+30b528.39b08c6-tjphuhs=gmail.com@mg-d1.substack.com designates 159.112.244.31 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom="bounce+30b528.39b08c6-tjphuhs=gmail.com@mg-d1.substack.com";
       dmarc=pass (p=REJECT sp=REJECT dis=NONE) header.from=substack.com
DKIM-Signature: a=rsa-sha256; v=1; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=mg-d1.substack.com; q=dns/txt; s=k1; t=1773920250; x=1773927450;
 h=List-Unsubscribe-Post: List-Unsubscribe: List-Post: List-Id: List-Archive: List-Owner: Reply-To: In-Reply-To: References: Sender: Sender: Date: Message-Id: To: To: From: From: Subject: Subject: Content-Type: Mime-Version: X-Feedback-Id;
 bh=qwDpCmE7TjHMJ+/KU8mGoSHpp9HEhJObnA79EJCd4Oc=;
 b=YSc7PzYb0PSHaqvliUfmepup5JBZlwuNtg/gHVXIhaeuzyHvqXFCcRDM6AF6NspZEFXkUUbXo0j3MuvLNQVZFUed+GUbYgYQVYCawJX4g9brdfghONbRDSiXhBNTQgvN/Yr1BhIDeppuLU/MUeosPJcCmJ2CvJjO7/Csoc5ABJ4=
DKIM-Signature: a=rsa-sha256; v=1; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=mailgun.org; q=dns/txt; s=mg; t=1773920250; x=1773927450;
 h=List-Unsubscribe-Post: List-Unsubscribe: List-Post: List-Id: List-Archive: List-Owner: Reply-To: In-Reply-To: References: Sender: Sender: Date: Message-Id: To: To: From: From: Subject: Subject: Content-Type: Mime-Version: X-Feedback-Id;
 bh=qwDpCmE7TjHMJ+/KU8mGoSHpp9HEhJObnA79EJCd4Oc=;
 b=MN2ren5cgD0jTG58CuoX9rKCVyWYqgFW3uYJ4DwY1fAvidQGPStv7xYAXFaCx4tY/CjbsUbv012TisNmziwh3iYdXTwQ+O/zl54moJof0JDalFFr+ah1n2EZmprB6AEeC4XT4UEFISyBVGF7c6U/xbU5Do8s4f6L9Clq09rhAjg=
X-Mailgun-Sid: WyIxMWU0ZSIsInRqcGh1aHNAZ21haWwuY29tIiwiMzliMDhjNiJd
X-Feedback-Id: postmaster@mg-d1.substack.com:post:614a1297c57bbbe25fa40e08:mailgun
Received: by 99742eea8d59165c3069eeafa180df30e64d61ee9ef3e91e51b2ca175e2fd6f2 with HTTP
 id 69bbdffaa6f577b858787d1f; Thu, 19 Mar 2026 11:37:30 GMT
X-Mailgun-Sending-Ip: 159.112.244.31
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
 boundary="099ce80f6e3f341deb590646199b326f6162277094d1e04d6e916624eca3"
Subject: Long COVID & Mitochondrial Peptides: What the Research Actually Suggests
From: Derek from Peptide Price <derekpruski@substack.com>
To: tjphuhs@gmail.com
X-Mailgun-Tag: post
X-Mailgun-Track-Clicks: false
Message-Id: <20260319113726.3.d8d40b9fd48edc89@mg-d1.substack.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Mar 2026 11:37:26 +0000
Feedback-Id: post-191466016:cat-post:pub-3365367:substack
Sender: Derek from Peptide Price <derekpruski@substack.com>
References: <post-191466016@substack.com>
In-Reply-To: <post-191466016@substack.com>
Reply-To: Derek from Peptide Price
 <reply+35zs4g&4iwoe6&&c1514736830119f9c9ae5e844b086d1510a08723a5169d938401b2e980cf2ca0@mg1.substack.com>
List-Owner: <mailto:derekpruski@substack.com>
List-Url: <https://derekpruski.substack.com/>
List-Archive: <https://derekpruski.substack.com/archive>
List-Id: <derekpruski.substack.com>
List-Post: <https://derekpruski.substack.com/p/long-covid-and-mitochondrial-peptides>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://derekpruski.substack.com/action/disable_email/disable?token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MTQ2NjAxNiwiaWF0IjoxNzczOTIwMjQ5LCJleHAiOjE4MDU0NTYyNDksImlzcyI6InB1Yi0zMzY1MzY3Iiwic3ViIjoiZGlzYWJsZV9lbWFpbCJ9.9AB9TOrBpxZaiRiqQr1sXntd8CD64vhBPFlFaqxXwhE&all_sections=true>
List-Unsubscribe-Post: List-Unsubscribe=One-Click
X-Mailgun-Variables: {"category": "post", "email_generated_at": "1773920249998", "is_freemail":
 "true", "post_audience": "only_paid", "post_id": "191466016", "post_type":
 "newsletter", "pub_community_enabled": "true", "publication_id": "3365367",
 "subdomain": "derekpruski", "user_id": "273622398"}

--099ce80f6e3f341deb590646199b326f6162277094d1e04d6e916624eca3
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

View this post on the web at https://derekpruski.substack.com/p/long-covid-=
and-mitochondrial-peptides

This post is for educational and informational purposes only. None of this =
is medical advice, none of this is intended to diagnose or treat any diseas=
e or condition, and none of this should be taken as a recommendation to use=
 any compound for any purpose. All compounds referenced are research use on=
ly. Always consult with a qualified medical professional before making any =
decisions about your health.
This is one of the more interesting topics I=E2=80=99ve been sitting on for=
 a while, and it keeps coming up enough in research circles that it deserve=
s a thorough breakdown.
Long COVID has affected a significant number of people, and conventional me=
dicine has largely struggled to explain why some individuals never fully re=
cover. What=E2=80=99s emerging from the research, however, points toward a =
very specific and compelling mechanism =E2=80=94 and it opens up an interes=
ting conversation about compounds that directly target that mechanism.
Let=E2=80=99s start from the beginning...

Unsubscribe https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kZXJla3BydXN=
raS5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vYWN0aW9uL2Rpc2FibGVfZW1haWw_dG9rZW49ZXlKMWMyVnlYMmxrSW=
pveU56TTJNakl6T1Rnc0luQnZjM1JmYVdRaU9qRTVNVFEyTmpBeE5pd2lhV0YwSWpveE56Y3pPV=
El3TWpRNUxDSmxlSEFpT2pFNE1EVTBOVFl5TkRrc0ltbHpjeUk2SW5CMVlpMHpNelkxTXpZM0lp=
d2ljM1ZpSWpvaVpHbHpZV0pzWlY5bGJXRnBiQ0o5LjlBQjlUT3JCcHhaYWlSaXFRcjFzWG50ZDh=
DRDY0dmhCUEZsRmFxeFh3aEUiLCJwIjoxOTE0NjYwMTYsInMiOjMzNjUzNjcsImYiOnRydWUsIn=
UiOjI3MzYyMjM5OCwiaWF0IjoxNzczOTIwMjQ5LCJleHAiOjIwODk0OTYyNDksImlzcyI6InB1Y=
i0wIiwic3ViIjoibGluay1yZWRpcmVjdCJ9.IfNQ91GYNGYCBUJ_AF2DIzd0u1P3UtoPzL6wGva=
_PWU?
--099ce80f6e3f341deb590646199b326f6162277094d1e04d6e916624eca3
Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html style=3D"scrollbar-width: thin;scrollbar-color: rgb(219,219,219)rgb(2=
55,255,255);"><head><meta charset=3D"utf-8"><title>Long COVID &amp; Mitocho=
ndrial Peptides: What the Research Actually Suggests</title><style>
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .typography .pullquote-align-left,
  .typography.editor .pullquote-align-left,
  .typography .pullquote-align-right,
  .typography.editor .pullquote-align-right,
  .typography .pullquote-align-wide,
  .typography.editor .pullquote-align-wide,
  .typography .pullquote-align-center,
  .typography.editor .pullquote-align-center {
    float: none;
    margin: 0 auto;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
  }
}
@media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none), (-ms-high-contrast: active) {
  .typography .markup table.image-wrapper img,
  .typography.editor .markup table.image-wrapper img,
  .typography .markup table.kindle-wrapper img,
  .typography.editor .markup table.kindle-wrapper img {
    max-width: 550px;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  .typography:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.ima=
ge2-offset-left),
  .typography.editor:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(=
> a.image2-offset-left) {
    margin-left: var(--image-offset-margin);
  }
  .typography:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.ima=
ge2-offset-right),
  .typography.editor:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(=
> a.image2-offset-right) {
    margin-right: var(--image-offset-margin);
  }
}
@media (min-width: 1300px) {
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-left)=
,
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offse=
t-left) {
    margin-left: var(--image-offset-margin);
  }
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-right=
),
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offse=
t-right) {
    margin-right: var(--image-offset-margin);
  }
}
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .typography,
  .typography.editor {
    /* Disable offset on mobile/tablet */
  }
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left),
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align=
-left),
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right)=
,
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align=
-right) {
    float: none;
    margin: 1em auto;
    max-width: 100%;
    width: auto;
    padding: 0;
  }
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left.t=
hefp),
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align=
-left.thefp),
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right.=
thefp),
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align=
-right.thefp) {
    margin: 1em auto;
  }
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-left)=
,
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offse=
t-left),
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-right=
),
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offse=
t-right) {
    margin: 1em auto;
  }
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left) =
=2Eimage2-inset,
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align=
-left) .image2-inset,
  .typography .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right)=
 .image2-inset,
  .typography.editor .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align=
-right) .image2-inset {
    display: block;
    justify-content: initial;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .typography .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed,
  .typography.editor .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed {
    margin-top: 24px;
    margin-bottom: 24px;
  }
  .typography .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed:first-child,
  .typography.editor .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed:first-child {
    margin-top: 0px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup div.youtube-overlay,
  .typography.editor .markup div.youtube-overlay,
  .typography .markup div.vimeo-overlay,
  .typography.editor .markup div.vimeo-overlay {
    display: none !important;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 370px) {
  .typography .markup div.tiktok-wrap,
  .typography.editor .markup div.tiktok-wrap {
    width: calc(95vw - 32px);
    height: calc((95vw - 32px - 2px) / 0.485714);
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup div.embedded-publication-wrap .embedded-publication.s=
how-subscribe,
  .typography.editor .markup div.embedded-publication-wrap .embedded-public=
ation.show-subscribe {
    padding: 24px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-widget.sho=
w-subscribe,
  .typography.editor .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-wid=
get.show-subscribe,
  .typography .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscription-wid=
get.show-subscribe,
  .typography.editor .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscript=
ion-widget.show-subscribe,
  .typography .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget.show-s=
ubscribe,
  .typography.editor .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget=
=2Eshow-subscribe {
    padding: 0px 24px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-widget.sho=
w-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
  .typography.editor .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-wid=
get.show-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
  .typography .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscription-wid=
get.show-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
  .typography.editor .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscript=
ion-widget.show-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
  .typography .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget.show-s=
ubscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
  .typography.editor .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget=
=2Eshow-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button {
    padding: 10px 12px;
    min-width: 110px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup .twitter-embed,
  .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed,
  .typography .markup .tweet,
  .typography.editor .markup .tweet {
    padding: 12px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-text,
  .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-text,
  .typography .markup .tweet .tweet-text,
  .typography.editor .markup .tweet .tweet-text {
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 20px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.two,
  .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.two,
  .typography .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.two,
  .typography.editor .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.two,
  .typography .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.three,
  .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.three,
  .typography .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.three,
  .typography.editor .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.three,
  .typography .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.four,
  .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.four,
  .typography .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.four,
  .typography.editor .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.four {
    height: 200px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup .twitter-embed a.expanded-link .expanded-link-img,
  .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed a.expanded-link .expanded-link-=
img,
  .typography .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-img,
  .typography.editor .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-img {
    max-height: 180px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup .twitter-embed a.expanded-link .expanded-link-descrip=
tion,
  .typography.editor .markup .twitter-embed a.expanded-link .expanded-link-=
description,
  .typography .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-description,
  .typography.editor .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-descript=
ion {
    display: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .typography .markup .apple-podcast-container,
  .typography.editor .markup .apple-podcast-container {
    width: unset;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
  .typography .markup .install-substack-app-embed img.install-substack-app-=
embed-img,
  .typography.editor .markup .install-substack-app-embed img.install-substa=
ck-app-embed-img {
    margin: 0 auto 16px auto;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
  .typography .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-emb=
ed-text,
  .typography.editor .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-=
app-embed-text {
    margin: 0 0 12px 0;
    max-width: 100%;
    width: auto;
    text-align: center;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
  .typography .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-emb=
ed-link,
  .typography.editor .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-=
app-embed-link {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
  .share-button-container {
    height: 38px;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
  .share-button-container a.comment {
    height: 38px;
    line-height: 38px;
    padding-right: 10px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
  .share-button-container .separator {
    display: block;
    margin: 0;
    height: 8px;
    border-left: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
  .share-button-container a.share.first img {
    padding-left: 0;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
  .share-button-container a.mobile {
    display: none !important;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
  .settings-add-pub-modal-wrapper .container .add-recommending-pub-modal-co=
ntainer {
    padding: 36px;
    height: 680px;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
  .settings-add-pub-modal-wrapper .container .add-recommending-pub-modal-co=
ntainer .footer {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 36px;
    margin: 0px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .header-anchor-parent {
    display: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
  .post {
    padding: 16px 0 0 0;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post .post-header .post-label {
    margin-top: 8px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post .post-header .meta-author-wrap.alternative-meta .meta-right-column =
=2Epost-meta {
    margin-top: 6px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post .footer-facepile-container {
    height: 64px;
    padding: 0 16px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    width: 100%;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post .post-footer.use-separators {
    justify-content: center;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post .post-footer.next-prev {
    height: 64px;
    justify-content: space-between;
    box-sizing: border-box;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-table {
    display: block;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-table-row {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: row;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-userhead-cell,
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-body-cell {
    display: block;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-body-cell {
    flex-grow: 1;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-body-table {
    display: block;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-body-table-row {
    display: block;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-copy-cell,
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-controls-cell {
    display: block;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-copy-cell {
    margin: 0 0 16px 0;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-controls-cell {
    width: auto;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-controls {
    margin: auto;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-controls .button.primary {
    width: 100%;
  }
  .post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-text {
    font-size: 14px;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 768px) {
  .post-silhouette {
    padding: 32px 0;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post-silhouette .post-silhouette-title {
    margin-top: 10.44225025px;
    height: 120px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post-silhouette .post-silhouette-meta {
    width: 75%;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post-silhouette .post-silhouette-meta.with-byline-image {
    margin: 20px 0;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .use-theme-bg .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item,
  .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item {
    padding-right: 16px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 370px) {
  .use-theme-bg .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item,
  .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item {
    font-size: 14px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .use-theme-bg .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item.guest-author-pu=
blication,
  .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item.guest-author-publication {
    display: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 370px) {
  .post-meta .post-meta-item .post-meta-button {
    height: 36px !important;
    /* important to override in-line height style on emails */
  }
  .post-meta .post-meta-item .post-meta-button .meta-button-label {
    display: none;
  }
  .post-meta .post-meta-item .post-meta-button > svg {
    margin-right: 0;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 370px) {
  .post-meta .post-meta-item {
    font-size: 12px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post .floating-subscribe-button {
    bottom: 20px;
    right: 20px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  body .pullquote-align-left,
  body .pullquote-align-right,
  body .pullquote-align-wide,
  body .pullquote-align-center {
    float: none;
    margin: 0 auto;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
  }
}
@media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none), (-ms-high-contrast: active) {
  body .markup table.image-wrapper img,
  body .markup table.kindle-wrapper img {
    max-width: 550px;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  body:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-off=
set-left) {
    margin-left: var(--image-offset-margin);
  }
  body:not(:has(#toc)) .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-off=
set-right) {
    margin-right: var(--image-offset-margin);
  }
}
@media (min-width: 1300px) {
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-left) {
    margin-left: var(--image-offset-margin);
  }
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-right) {
    margin-right: var(--image-offset-margin);
  }
}
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  body {
    /* Disable offset on mobile/tablet */
  }
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left),
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right) {
    float: none;
    margin: 1em auto;
    max-width: 100%;
    width: auto;
    padding: 0;
  }
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left.thefp),
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right.thefp) =
{
    margin: 1em auto;
  }
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-left),
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-offset-right) {
    margin: 1em auto;
  }
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-left) .image2=
-inset,
  body .captioned-image-container figure:has(> a.image2-align-right) .image=
2-inset {
    display: block;
    justify-content: initial;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  body .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed {
    margin-top: 24px;
    margin-bottom: 24px;
  }
  body .markup div.sponsorship-campaign-embed:first-child {
    margin-top: 0px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup div.youtube-overlay,
  body .markup div.vimeo-overlay {
    display: none !important;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 370px) {
  body .markup div.tiktok-wrap {
    width: calc(95vw - 32px);
    height: calc((95vw - 32px - 2px) / 0.485714);
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup div.embedded-publication-wrap .embedded-publication.show-sub=
scribe {
    padding: 24px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subsc=
ribe,
  body .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscription-widget.sho=
w-subscribe,
  body .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subscrib=
e {
    padding: 0px 24px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subsc=
ribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
  body .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap-editor .subscription-widget.sho=
w-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
  body .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subscrib=
e .subscription-widget-subscribe .button {
    padding: 10px 12px;
    min-width: 110px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup .twitter-embed,
  body .markup .tweet {
    padding: 12px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-text,
  body .markup .tweet .tweet-text {
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 20px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.two,
  body .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.two,
  body .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.three,
  body .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.three,
  body .markup .twitter-embed .tweet-photos-container.four,
  body .markup .tweet .tweet-photos-container.four {
    height: 200px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup .twitter-embed a.expanded-link .expanded-link-img,
  body .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-img {
    max-height: 180px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup .twitter-embed a.expanded-link .expanded-link-description,
  body .markup .tweet a.expanded-link .expanded-link-description {
    display: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  body .markup .apple-podcast-container {
    width: unset;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
  body .markup .install-substack-app-embed img.install-substack-app-embed-i=
mg {
    margin: 0 auto 16px auto;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
  body .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-embed-text=
 {
    margin: 0 0 12px 0;
    max-width: 100%;
    width: auto;
    text-align: center;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
  body .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-embed-link=
 {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 500px) {
  body .header a.logo {
    width: 42px;
    height: 42px;
    border-radius: 12px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 420px) {
  body .subscription-receipt table:first-of-type .subscription-amount .subs=
cription-discount {
    width: 72px !important;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
  body .share-button-container {
    height: auto;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
  body .share-button-container .separator {
    display: block !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    height: 8px !important;
    border-left: none !important;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .digest .item .post-meta-item.audience {
    display: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 500px) {
  .digest-publication .logo img {
    width: 42px;
    height: 42px;
    border-radius: 8px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .comments-page .container .comment-list .collapsed-reply {
    margin-left: calc(10 + 32px - 24px);
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .comment > .comment-list {
    padding-left: 24px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .finish-magic-login-modal .modal-content .container {
    padding: 24px 0;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .reader2-text-b3 {
    line-height: 24px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .reader2-text-h4 {
    line-height: 24px;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
  .user-profile-modal {
    padding-left: 12px;
    padding-right: 12px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .subscribe-widget form.form .sideBySideWrap button.rightButton {
    padding: 10px 12px;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
  .pub-icon:hover .logo-hover,
  .feed-item-icon:hover .logo-hover {
    display: block;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .post-ufi.single-full-width-button .post-ufi-button-wrapper {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 16px;
  }
  .post-ufi.single-full-width-button .post-ufi-button-wrapper:empty {
    display: none;
  }
  .post-ufi.single-full-width-button .post-ufi-button {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
  .file-embed-wrapper {
    padding: 0;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
  .file-embed-wrapper-editor {
    padding: 0;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
  .file-embed-wrapper-editor:active {
    padding: 0;
  }
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .file-embed-button.wide,
  .file-embed-error-button.wide {
    display: none;
  }
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 630px) {
  .file-embed-button.narrow,
  .file-embed-error-button.narrow {
    display: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper .audio-player {
    min-width: 500px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper .audio-player .audio-player-progress {
    border-left-width: 16px;
    border-right-width: 16px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper .audio-player .audio-player-progress .audio-player-=
progress-bar .audio-player-progress-bar-popup {
    top: -54px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-progress {
    border-left-width: 16px;
    border-right-width: 16px;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 650px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-progress .audio-p=
layer-progress-bar .audio-player-progress-bar-popup {
    top: -54px;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 250px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player {
    padding: 32px;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group {
    display: flex;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button:last-of-type=
 {
    display: block;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 300px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group {
    display: block;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button:first-of-typ=
e {
    display: block;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 350px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-substack-logo {
    display: block;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-title {
    margin-top: 16px;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-hero-image-contai=
ner {
    padding-top: 15%;
    width: 15%;
    display: block;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button:first-of-typ=
e {
    display: block;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-substack-logo {
    display: block;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 350px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-hero-image-contai=
ner {
    padding-top: 25%;
    width: 25%;
    display: block;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group {
    display: flex;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button:first-of-typ=
e {
    display: block;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 400px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-hero-image-contai=
ner {
    padding-top: 40%;
    width: 40%;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 400px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group {
    margin-top: 12px;
  }
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button {
    font-size: 13px;
    padding: 6px 12px;
    height: auto;
    margin-top: 10px;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-hero-image-contai=
ner {
    padding-top: 55%;
    width: 55%;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .poll-editor-modal {
    min-width: calc(100% - 20px);
  }
}
@media (max-width: 750px) {
  .poll-embed .poll-anchor-target .poll-anchor-copy-button {
    left: 8px;
    top: 45px;
  }
}
@media not all and (min-resolution: 0.001dpcm) {
  @supports (-webkit-appearance: none) {
    p a:not(.primary.button),
    .post p:not(.button-wrapper) a:not(.primary.button),
    .footnote a.footnote-anchor:not(.primary.button),
    .thread-head .markup p:not(.button-wrapper) a:not(.primary.button) {
      color: #ff6719;
      text-decoration: none;
    }
    p a:not(.primary.button):hover,
    .post p:not(.button-wrapper) a:not(.primary.button):hover,
    .footnote a.footnote-anchor:not(.primary.button):hover,
    .thread-head .markup p:not(.button-wrapper) a:not(.primary.button):hove=
r {
      text-decoration: underline;
    }
  }
}</style></head><body class=3D"email-body" style=3D"font-kerning: auto;--im=
age-offset-margin: -120px;"><img src=3D"https://eotrx.substackcdn.com/open?=
token=3DeyJtIjoiPDIwMjYwMzE5MTEzNzI2LjMuZDhkNDBiOWZkNDhlZGM4OUBtZy1kMS5zdWJ=
zdGFjay5jb20-IiwidSI6MjczNjIyMzk4LCJyIjoidGpwaHVoc0BnbWFpbC5jb20iLCJkIjoibW=
ctZDEuc3Vic3RhY2suY29tIiwicCI6MTkxNDY2MDE2LCJ0IjoibmV3c2xldHRlciIsImEiOiJvb=
mx5X3BhaWQiLCJzIjozMzY1MzY3LCJjIjoicG9zdCIsImYiOnRydWUsInBvc2l0aW9uIjoidG9w=
IiwiaWF0IjoxNzczOTIwMjQ5LCJleHAiOjE3NzY1MTIyNDksImlzcyI6InB1Yi0wIiwic3ViIjo=
iZW8ifQ.9Xntgc6IObHVTA_8ca9blkjAKYyn71Vm2vUHKdIwgb0" alt=3D"" width=3D"1" h=
eight=3D"1" border=3D"0" style=3D"height:1px !important;width:1px !importan=
t;border-width:0 !important;margin-top:0 !important;margin-bottom:0 !import=
ant;margin-right:0 !important;margin-left:0 !important;padding-top:0 !impor=
tant;padding-bottom:0 !important;padding-right:0 !important;padding-left:0 =
!important;"/><div class=3D"preview" style=3D"display:none;font-size:1px;co=
lor:#333333;line-height:1px;max-height:0px;max-width:0px;opacity:0;overflow=
:hidden;">This post is for educational and informational purposes only.</di=
v><div class=3D"preview" style=3D"display:none;font-size:1px;color:#333333;=
line-height:1px;max-height:0px;max-width:0px;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;">&#=
847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199;=
 &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp=
; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#8=
47; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; =
&#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp;=
 &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#84=
7; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &=
#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; =
&#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847=
; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#=
173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &=
#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847;=
 &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#1=
73;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#=
8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; =
&nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#17=
3;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8=
199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &=
nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173=
;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#81=
99; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &n=
bsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;=
&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#819=
9; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nb=
sp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&=
#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199=
; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbs=
p; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#=
847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199;=
 &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp=
; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#8=
47; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; =
&#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp;=
 &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#84=
7; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &=
#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; =
&#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847=
; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#=
173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &=
#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847;=
 &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#1=
73;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#=
8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; =
&nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#17=
3;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8=
199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &=
nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173=
;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#81=
99; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &n=
bsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;=
&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#819=
9; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nb=
sp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&=
#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199=
; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbs=
p; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#=
847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199;=
 &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp=
; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#8=
47; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; =
&#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp;=
 &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#84=
7; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &=
#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; =
&#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847=
; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#=
173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &=
#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847;=
 &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#1=
73;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#=
8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; =
&nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#17=
3;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8=
199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &=
nbsp; &#8199; &#173;&#847; &nbsp; &#8199; &#173;</div><table class=3D"email=
-body-container" role=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspac=
ing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td></td><td class=3D"content" width=
=3D"550"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td class=3D"content" width=3D"550=
" align=3D"left"><div style=3D"font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;max-width:=
 550px;width: 100%;margin: 0 auto;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><table role=
=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=
=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"right" style=3D"height:20px;"><table role=3D=
"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D=
"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><span class=3D"pencraft=
 pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ tw-font-body tw-text-ssm tw-text-substack-secondary"=
 style=3D"font-family: SF Pro Text, -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSyste=
mFont, Inter, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Apple Color E=
moji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol;font-size: 13px;color: unset;list-sty=
le: none;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;"><div class=3D"pencraft pc-reset=
 align-right-VJbKw5 size-12-mmZ61m reset-IxiVJZ" style=3D"list-style: none;=
color: unset;text-align: right;font-size: 12px;line-height: 16px;text-decor=
ation: unset;margin: 0;"><span class=3D"pencraft pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ" tra=
nslated=3D"" style=3D"list-style: none;color: unset;text-decoration: unset;=
margin: 0;">Forwarded this email? <a class=3D"pencraft pc-reset decoration-=
underline-ClTkYc reset-IxiVJZ" href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJl=
IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kZXJla3BydXNraS5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vc3Vic2NyaWJlP3V0bV9zb3VyY2U=
9ZW1haWwmdXRtX2NhbXBhaWduPWVtYWlsLXN1YnNjcmliZSZyPTRpd29lNiZuZXh0PWh0dHBzJT=
NBJTJGJTJGZGVyZWtwcnVza2kuc3Vic3RhY2suY29tJTJGcCUyRmxvbmctY292aWQtYW5kLW1pd=
G9jaG9uZHJpYWwtcGVwdGlkZXMiLCJwIjoxOTE0NjYwMTYsInMiOjMzNjUzNjcsImYiOnRydWUs=
InUiOjI3MzYyMjM5OCwiaWF0IjoxNzczOTIwMjQ5LCJleHAiOjIwODk0OTYyNDksImlzcyI6InB=
1Yi0wIiwic3ViIjoibGluay1yZWRpcmVjdCJ9.aRh7O1qcS8g7AOW0_tC26wCQ44bMkpS4C1gy1=
zoK0XQ?" style=3D"list-style: none;color: unset;text-decoration: unset;marg=
in: 0;-webkit-text-decoration-line: underline;text-decoration-line: underli=
ne;">Subscribe here</a> for more</span></div></span></td></tr></tbody></tab=
le></td></tr></tbody></table><div class=3D"post typography" dir=3D"auto" st=
yle=3D"--image-offset-margin: -120px;padding: 32px 0 0 0;font-size: 16px;li=
ne-height: 26px;"><div class=3D"post-header" role=3D"region" aria-label=3D"=
Post header" style=3D"font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;"><h1 class=3D"post=
-title published title-X77sOw" dir=3D"auto" style=3D"direction: auto;text-a=
lign: start;unicode-bidi: isolate;color: rgb(54,55,55);font-family: 'SF Pro=
 Display',-apple-system-headline,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont=
,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI=
 Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: bold;-webkit-font-smoothing: antiali=
ased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased;-webkit-appearance: optimizelegib=
ility;-moz-appearance: optimizelegibility;appearance: optimizelegibility;ma=
rgin: 0;line-height: 36px;font-size: 32px;"><a href=3D"https://substack.com=
/app-link/post?publication_id=3D3365367&post_id=3D191466016&utm_source=3Dpo=
st-email-title&utm_campaign=3Demail-post-title&isFreemail=3Dtrue&r=3D4iwoe6=
&token=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MTQ2NjAxNiwiaWF0IjoxNz=
czOTIwMjQ5LCJleHAiOjE3NzY1MTIyNDksImlzcyI6InB1Yi0zMzY1MzY3Iiwic3ViIjoicG9zd=
C1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.uITDSdtJH3LBJv63lLavoqmQZsB2f3hiGfWzebWwnC4" style=3D"color=
: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: none;">Long COVID &amp; Mitochondrial Pept=
ides: What the Research Actually Suggests</a></h1><table class=3D"post-meta=
" role=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellp=
adding=3D"0" style=3D"margin: 1em 0;height: 20px;align-items: center;"><tbo=
dy><tr><td><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspa=
cing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td><table role=3D"presentation" wi=
dth=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><t=
d style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><div class=3D"pencraft pc-reset color-pr=
imary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-m=
edium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA custom-css=
-email-post-author" style=3D"list-style: none;font-size: 11px;line-height: =
20px;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(54,55,55);margin: 0;font-family: 'SF=
 Compact',-apple-system,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe U=
I',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','=
Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 500;text-transform: uppercase;letter-spacing:=
 .2px;"><a class=3D"pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t=
4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-upperc=
ase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA" style=3D"list-style: none;color: rgb(5=
4,55,55);margin: 0;font-size: 11px;line-height: 20px;font-family: 'SF Compa=
ct',-apple-system,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Rob=
oto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe =
UI Symbol';font-weight: 500;text-transform: uppercase;letter-spacing: .2px;=
text-decoration: none" href=3D"https://substack.com/@peptideprice">Derek</a=
></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td><table role=3D"presentat=
ion" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody=
><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><div class=3D"pencraft pc-reset c=
olor-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx=
 weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA" =
style=3D"list-style: none;font-size: 11px;line-height: 20px;text-decoration=
: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;font-family: 'SF Compact',-apple-=
system,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helveti=
ca,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';=
font-weight: 500;text-transform: uppercase;letter-spacing: .2px;"><time dat=
etime=3D"2026-03-19T11:37:25.874Z">Mar 19</time></div></td><td width=3D"4" =
style=3D"min-width:4px;"></td><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><table r=
ole=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadd=
ing=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><div class=3D"pen=
craft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBum=
P size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiV=
JZ meta-EgzBVA" style=3D"list-style: none;font-size: 11px;line-height: 20px=
;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;font-family: 'SF =
Compact',-apple-system,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI=
',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','S=
egoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 500;text-transform: uppercase;letter-spacing: =
=2E2px;">&#8729;</div></td><td width=3D=
"4" style=3D"min-width:4px;"></td><td=20=
style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><div class=3D"pencraft pc-reset color-paid=
-LmY0EP line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium=
-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA" translated=3D"=
" style=3D"list-style: none;font-size: 11px;line-height: 20px;text-decorati=
on: unset;color: rgb(94,73,217);margin: 0;font-family: 'SF Compact',-apple-=
system,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helveti=
ca,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';=
font-weight: 500;text-transform: uppercase;letter-spacing: .2px;">Preview</=
div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody><=
/table></td><td align=3D"right"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto"=
 border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"v=
ertical-align:middle;"><a href=3D"https://substack.com/@peptideprice"><img =
class=3D"custom-css-email-avatar avatar-QIQ5yR" src=3D"https://substackcdn.=
com/image/fetch/$s_!27SK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%=
2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff07a8bac-9f53=
-43a0-af70-e96356c0f3f3_500x500.png" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;max-wi=
dth: 550px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;width: 40px;height: 40px;min=
-width: 40px;min-height: 40px;object-fit: cover;margin: 0px;display: inline=
;border-radius: 50%" width=3D"40" height=3D"40"></a></td></tr></tbody></tab=
le></td></tr></tbody></table><table class=3D"email-ufi-2-top" role=3D"prese=
ntation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" st=
yle=3D"border-top: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0,0=
,0,.1);min-width: 100%;"><tbody><tr height=3D"16"><td height=3D"16" style=
=3D"font-size:0px;line-height:0;">&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td><table role=3D"pr=
esentation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"=
><tbody><tr><td><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" ce=
llspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:mi=
ddle;"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"38" border=3D"0" cellspacing=
=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center"><a class=3D"email-=
icon-button" href=3D"https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3D33=
65367&post_id=3D191466016&utm_source=3Dsubstack&isFreemail=3Dtrue&submitLik=
e=3Dtrue&token=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MTQ2NjAxNiwicm=
VhY3Rpb24iOiLinaQiLCJpYXQiOjE3NzM5MjAyNDksImV4cCI6MTc3NjUxMjI0OSwiaXNzIjoic=
HViLTMzNjUzNjciLCJzdWIiOiJyZWFjdGlvbiJ9.c4Xj1OsBBzIkaAbzhN2ljg25BiVOgNx8rKp=
G-9XMMNE&utm_medium=3Demail&utm_campaign=3Demail-reaction&r=3D4iwoe6" style=
=3D"font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Robo=
to,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe U=
I Symbol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,=
0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-=
height: 1;padding: 9px 0;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);min-=
width: 38px;box-sizing: border-box;width: 38px"><img class=3D"icon" src=3D"=
https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PeVs!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:goo=
d,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideHeart%3Fv%=
3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" w=
idth=3D"18" height=3D"18" style=3D"border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-=
width: 18px" alt=3D""></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width=3D"8" st=
yle=3D"min-width:8px;"></td><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><table rol=
e=3D"presentation" width=3D"38" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=
=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center"><a class=3D"email-icon-button" href=
=3D"https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3D3365367&post_id=3D1=
91466016&utm_source=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail&isFreemail=3Dtrue&comment=
s=3Dtrue&token=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MTQ2NjAxNiwiaW=
F0IjoxNzczOTIwMjQ5LCJleHAiOjE3NzY1MTIyNDksImlzcyI6InB1Yi0zMzY1MzY3Iiwic3ViI=
joicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.uITDSdtJH3LBJv63lLavoqmQZsB2f3hiGfWzebWwnC4&r=3D4iw=
oe6&utm_campaign=3Demail-half-magic-comments&action=3Dpost-comment&utm_sour=
ce=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail" style=3D"font-family: system-ui,-apple-sy=
stem,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple=
 Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font=
-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-tra=
nsform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1;padding: 9px 0;text-decora=
tion: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);min-width: 38px;box-sizing: border-box;w=
idth: 38px"><img class=3D"icon" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/=
$s_!x1tS!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2=
Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideComments%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%2=
6stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" style=
=3D"border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" alt=3D""></a></td>=
</tr></tbody></table></td><td width=3D"8" style=3D"min-width:8px;"></td><td=
 style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"38"=
 border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"c=
enter"><a class=3D"email-icon-button" href=3D"https://substack.com/app-link=
/post?publication_id=3D3365367&post_id=3D191466016&utm_source=3Dsubstack&ut=
m_medium=3Demail&utm_content=3Dshare&utm_campaign=3Demail-share&action=3Dsh=
are&triggerShare=3Dtrue&isFreemail=3Dtrue&r=3D4iwoe6&token=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIj=
oyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MTQ2NjAxNiwiaWF0IjoxNzczOTIwMjQ5LCJleHAiOjE3N=
zY1MTIyNDksImlzcyI6InB1Yi0zMzY1MzY3Iiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.uITDSdt=
JH3LBJv63lLavoqmQZsB2f3hiGfWzebWwnC4" style=3D"font-family: system-ui,-appl=
e-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'A=
pple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;=
font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text=
-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1;padding: 9px 0;text-de=
coration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);min-width: 38px;box-sizing: border-b=
ox;width: 38px"><img class=3D"icon" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fe=
tch/$s_!_L14!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%=
2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideShare2%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone=
%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" style=
=3D"border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" alt=3D""></a></td>=
</tr></tbody></table></td><td width=3D"8" style=3D"min-width:8px;"></td><td=
 style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"38"=
 border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"c=
enter"><a class=3D"email-icon-button" href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect=
/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9vcGVuLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9wdWIvZGVyZWtwcnVza2kvcC9sb25n=
LWNvdmlkLWFuZC1taXRvY2hvbmRyaWFsLXBlcHRpZGVzP3V0bV9zb3VyY2U9c3Vic3RhY2smdXR=
tX21lZGl1bT1lbWFpbCZ1dG1fY2FtcGFpZ249ZW1haWwtcmVzdGFjay1jb21tZW50JmFjdGlvbj=
1yZXN0YWNrLWNvbW1lbnQmcj00aXdvZTYmdG9rZW49ZXlKMWMyVnlYMmxrSWpveU56TTJNakl6T=
1Rnc0luQnZjM1JmYVdRaU9qRTVNVFEyTmpBeE5pd2lhV0YwSWpveE56Y3pPVEl3TWpRNUxDSmxl=
SEFpT2pFM056WTFNVEl5TkRrc0ltbHpjeUk2SW5CMVlpMHpNelkxTXpZM0lpd2ljM1ZpSWpvaWN=
HOXpkQzF5WldGamRHbHZiaUo5LnVJVERTZHRKSDNMQkp2NjNsTGF2b3FtUVpzQjJmM2hpR2ZXem=
ViV3duQzQiLCJwIjoxOTE0NjYwMTYsInMiOjMzNjUzNjcsImYiOnRydWUsInUiOjI3MzYyMjM5O=
CwiaWF0IjoxNzczOTIwMjQ5LCJleHAiOjIwODk0OTYyNDksImlzcyI6InB1Yi0wIiwic3ViIjoi=
bGluay1yZWRpcmVjdCJ9.eyUnqHqCijF410Whi9wt0kh-vZ53bLkwHZXSy-RzlYg?&utm_sourc=
e=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail" style=3D"font-family: system-ui,-apple-sys=
tem,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple =
Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-=
weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-tran=
sform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1;padding: 9px 0;text-decorat=
ion: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);min-width: 38px;box-sizing: border-box;wi=
dth: 38px"><img class=3D"icon" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$=
s_!5EGt!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2F=
substack.com%2Ficon%2FNoteForwardIcon%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%2=
6stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" style=
=3D"border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" alt=3D""></a></td>=
</tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td align=3D"right"><ta=
ble role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cel=
lpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><table role=
=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=
=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center"><a class=3D"email-button-outline" hr=
ef=3D"https://open.substack.com/pub/derekpruski/p/long-covid-and-mitochondr=
ial-peptides?utm_source=3Demail&redirect=3Dapp-store&utm_campaign=3Demail-r=
ead-in-app" style=3D"font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFon=
t,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe U=
I Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1=
px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font=
-size: 12px;line-height: 12px;padding: 9px 14px;text-decoration: none;color=
: rgb(119,119,119);"><div class=3D"email-button-spacer" style=3D"font-size:=
 16px;line-height: 26px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;max-wi=
dth: 0;min-height: 18px;"></div><span class=3D"email-button-text" style=3D"=
vertical-align: middle;margin-right: 4px">READ IN APP</span><img class=3D"i=
con text-icon" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ET-_!,w_36,c_=
scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fi=
con%2FLucideArrowUpRight%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%25=
23808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" style=3D"min-width: =
18px;min-height: 18px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;margin-right: 0;m=
argin-left: 0;max-width: 18px" alt=3D""></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td>=
</tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr height=3D"16">=
<td height=3D"16" style=3D"font-size:0px;line-height:0;">&nbsp;</td></tr></=
tbody></table></div></div><div class=3D"post typography" dir=3D"auto" style=
=3D"--image-offset-margin: -120px;padding: 32px 0 0 0;font-size: 16px;line-=
height: 26px;"><div class=3D"body markup" dir=3D"auto" style=3D"text-align:=
 initial;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;width: 100%;word-break: break-wo=
rd;margin-bottom: 16px;"><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55=
);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;margin-top: 0;"><em>This post is for ed=
ucational and informational purposes only. None of this is medical advice, =
none of this is intended to diagnose or treat any disease or condition, and=
 none of this should be taken as a recommendation to use any compound for a=
ny purpose. All compounds referenced are research use only. Always consult =
with a qualified medical professional before making any decisions about you=
r health.</em></p><div style=3D"font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;"><hr sty=
le=3D"margin: 32px 0;padding: 0;height: 1px;background: rgb(0,0,0,.1);borde=
r: none;"></div><p style=3D"margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-he=
ight: 26px;font-size: 16px;">This is one of the more interesting topics I&#=
8217;ve been sitting on for a while, and it keeps coming up enough in resea=
rch circles that it deserves a thorough breakdown.</p><p style=3D"margin: 0=
 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">Long COV=
ID has affected a significant number of people, and conventional medicine h=
as largely struggled to explain why some individuals never fully recover. W=
hat&#8217;s emerging from the research, however, points toward a very speci=
fic and compelling mechanism &#8212; and it opens up an interesting convers=
ation about compounds that directly target that mechanism.</p><p style=3D"m=
argin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;ma=
rgin-bottom: 0;">Let&#8217;s start from the beginning...</p></div></div><di=
v class=3D"paywall paywall-white-background" data-testid=3D"paywall" data-c=
omponent-name=3D"Paywall" role=3D"region" aria-label=3D"Paywall" style=3D"p=
osition: relative;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'=
Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI E=
moji','Segoe UI Symbol';text-align: center;margin-bottom: 16px;cursor: defa=
ult;-webkit-user-select: none;-moz-user-select: none;-ms-user-select: none;=
user-select: none;line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;padding: 32px 24px 16px=
 24px;background: rgb(255,255,255);color: rgb(54,55,55);border-top: solid 2=
px #ff6719;margin-top: 6px;"><div class=3D"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-widt=
h-64 pc-height-64 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-position=
-relative pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J flex-auto-j3S2WA outline-detail-vcQL=
yr pc-borderRadius-full overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 sizing-border-box-DggLA4 con=
tainer-TAtrWj paywall-unlock-avatar-static" style=3D"margin: auto;text-deco=
ration: unset;list-style: none;border-radius: 9999px;display: flex;position=
: relative;justify-content: center;align-items: center;width: 64px;height: =
64px;outline: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);outline-offset: -1px;background-color=
: rgb(238,238,238);flex: none;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;-webk=
it-user-select: none;user-select: none;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;--=
scale: 64px"><div class=3D"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-width-64 pc-height-6=
4 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-position-relative pc-res=
et bg-secondary-UUD3_J flex-auto-j3S2WA outline-detail-vcQLyr pc-borderRadi=
us-full overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 sizing-border-box-DggLA4 container-TAtrWj" s=
tyle=3D"text-decoration: unset;list-style: none;border-radius: 9999px;displ=
ay: flex;position: relative;justify-content: center;align-items: center;wid=
th: 64px;height: 64px;outline: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);outline-offset: -1px=
;background-color: rgb(238,238,238);flex: none;overflow: hidden;box-sizing:=
 border-box;-webkit-user-select: none;user-select: none;font-size: 16px;lin=
e-height: 26px;--scale: 64px" title=3D"User"><picture><source type=3D"image=
/webp" srcset=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!27SK!,w_64,h_64,c_=
fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-me=
dia.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff07a8bac-9f53-43a0-af70-e96356c0f3=
f3_500x500.png 64w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!27SK!,w_128,h_1=
28,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-po=
st-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff07a8bac-9f53-43a0-af70-e9635=
6c0f3f3_500x500.png 128w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!27SK!,w_1=
92,h_192,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubst=
ack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff07a8bac-9f53-43a0-af70=
-e96356c0f3f3_500x500.png 192w" sizes=3D"64px"><img class=3D"img-OACg1c obj=
ect-fit-cover-u4ReeV pencraft pc-reset" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/imag=
e/fetch/$s_!27SK!,w_64,h_64,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/=
https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff07a=
8bac-9f53-43a0-af70-e96356c0f3f3_500x500.png" sizes=3D"64px" alt=3D"User's =
avatar" srcset=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!27SK!,w_64,h_64,c=
_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-m=
edia.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff07a8bac-9f53-43a0-af70-e96356c0f=
3f3_500x500.png 64w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!27SK!,w_128,h_=
128,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-p=
ost-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff07a8bac-9f53-43a0-af70-e963=
56c0f3f3_500x500.png 128w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!27SK!,w_=
192,h_192,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubs=
tack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff07a8bac-9f53-43a0-af7=
0-e96356c0f3f3_500x500.png 192w" width=3D"64" height=3D"64" draggable=3D"fa=
lse" style=3D"text-decoration: unset;list-style: none;display: flex;object-=
fit: cover;max-width: 550px;border: none !important;vertical-align: middle;=
"></picture></div></div><h2 class=3D"paywall-title unlock-treatment-new" st=
yle=3D"font-family: 'SF Pro Display',-apple-system-headline,system-ui,-appl=
e-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'A=
pple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';-webkit-font-smoothing=
: antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased;-webkit-appearance: opti=
mizelegibility;-moz-appearance: optimizelegibility;appearance: optimizelegi=
bility;margin: 0 auto;color: inherit !important;font-size: 22px;line-height=
: 33px;font-weight: 500;margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 20px;">Continue read=
ing this post for free in the Substack app</h2><div class=3D"paywall-cta" s=
tyle=3D"font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;margin-top: 0;"><a class=3D"butto=
n primary paywall-cta-icon" href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjo=
iaHR0cHM6Ly9kZXJla3BydXNraS5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vcC9sb25nLWNvdmlkLWFuZC1taXRvY2=
hvbmRyaWFsLXBlcHRpZGVzP3V0bV9jYW1wYWlnbj1lbWFpbC1wb3N0JnI9NGl3b2U2JnRva2VuP=
WV5SjFjMlZ5WDJsa0lqb3lOek0yTWpJek9UZ3NJbkJ2YzNSZmFXUWlPakU1TVRRMk5qQXhOaXdp=
YVdGMElqb3hOemN6T1RJd01qUTVMQ0psZUhBaU9qRTNOelkxTVRJeU5Ea3NJbWx6Y3lJNkluQjF=
ZaTB6TXpZMU16WTNJaXdpYzNWaUlqb2ljRzl6ZEMxeVpXRmpkR2x2YmlKOS51SVREU2R0SkgzTE=
JKdjYzbExhdm9xbVFac0IyZjNoaUdmV3plYld3bkM0IiwicCI6MTkxNDY2MDE2LCJzIjozMzY1M=
zY3LCJmIjp0cnVlLCJ1IjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsImlhdCI6MTc3MzkyMDI0OSwiZXhwIjoyMDg5NDk2=
MjQ5LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMCIsInN1YiI6ImxpbmstcmVkaXJlY3QifQ.J2DE7R49BRpUqHOxOeDY=
3PgtJdViWkjQWA0CdRZFyM8?&launch_post_unlock_offer=3Dtrue" style=3D"font-fam=
ily: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica=
,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';di=
splay: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;cursor: pointer;border: none;bor=
der-radius: 8px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 20px;font-weight: 600;text-ali=
gn: center;margin: 0;opacity: 1;outline: none;white-space: nowrap;backgroun=
d-color: #FF6719;text-decoration: none !important;color: #ffffff !important=
;padding: 12px 16px;height: auto;">Claim my free post</a></div><div class=
=3D"paywall-secondary-cta" style=3D"line-height: 26px;margin-top: 20px;font=
-size: 12px;font-weight: 300;"><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/1c5=
008f3-5aa3-42fc-add7-e57a8b7c8859?j=3DeyJ1IjoiNGl3b2U2In0.sVDxRtmZ85v8kfdam=
Y0krRXGMy3p768BWtuZifRB-Zs" style=3D"color: inherit;text-decoration: none;"=
>Or upgrade your subscription. <b>Upgrade to paid</b></a></div></div><table=
 class=3D"email-ufi-2-bottom" role=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" border=
=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D"border-top: 1px solid r=
gb(0,0,0,.1);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);min-width: 100%;"><tbod=
y><tr height=3D"16"><td height=3D"16" style=3D"font-size:0px;line-height:0;=
">&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" borde=
r=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td><table role=3D"p=
resentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0=
" style=3D"margin:0 auto;"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;">=
<table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" =
cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center"><a class=3D"email-button-=
outline" href=3D"https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3D336536=
7&post_id=3D191466016&utm_source=3Dsubstack&isFreemail=3Dtrue&submitLike=3D=
true&token=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MTQ2NjAxNiwicmVhY3=
Rpb24iOiLinaQiLCJpYXQiOjE3NzM5MjAyNDksImV4cCI6MTc3NjUxMjI0OSwiaXNzIjoicHViL=
TMzNjUzNjciLCJzdWIiOiJyZWFjdGlvbiJ9.c4Xj1OsBBzIkaAbzhN2ljg25BiVOgNx8rKpG-9X=
MMNE&utm_medium=3Demail&utm_campaign=3Demail-reaction&r=3D4iwoe6" style=3D"=
font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,H=
elvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Sy=
mbol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1=
);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-heig=
ht: 12px;padding: 9px 14px;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);">=
<img class=3D"icon" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PeVs!,w_=
36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.co=
m%2Ficon%2FLucideHeart%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523=
808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" style=3D"margin-right:=
 8px;min-width: 18px;min-height: 18px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;m=
ax-width: 18px" alt=3D""><span class=3D"email-button-text" style=3D"vertica=
l-align: middle;">Like</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width=
=3D"8" style=3D"min-width:8px;"></td><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><=
table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" c=
ellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center"><a class=3D"email-button-o=
utline" href=3D"https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3D3365367=
&post_id=3D191466016&utm_source=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail&isFreemail=3D=
true&comments=3Dtrue&token=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyNzM2MjIzOTgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjE5MT=
Q2NjAxNiwiaWF0IjoxNzczOTIwMjQ5LCJleHAiOjE3NzY1MTIyNDksImlzcyI6InB1Yi0zMzY1M=
zY3Iiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.uITDSdtJH3LBJv63lLavoqmQZsB2f3hiGfWzebW=
wnC4&r=3D4iwoe6&utm_campaign=3Demail-half-magic-comments&action=3Dpost-comm=
ent&utm_source=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail" style=3D"font-family: system-=
ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-=
serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inlin=
e-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 999=
9px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 12px;padding: 9p=
x 14px;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);"><img class=3D"icon" =
src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x1tS!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_a=
uto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideCom=
ments%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWi=
dth%3D2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" style=3D"margin-right: 8px;min-width: 1=
8px;min-height: 18px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" a=
lt=3D""><span class=3D"email-button-text" style=3D"vertical-align: middle;"=
>Comment</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width=3D"8" style=3D"=
min-width:8px;"></td><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle;"><table role=3D"pr=
esentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"=
><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center"><a class=3D"email-button-outline" href=3D"=
https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9vcGVuLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9=
wdWIvZGVyZWtwcnVza2kvcC9sb25nLWNvdmlkLWFuZC1taXRvY2hvbmRyaWFsLXBlcHRpZGVzP3=
V0bV9zb3VyY2U9c3Vic3RhY2smdXRtX21lZGl1bT1lbWFpbCZ1dG1fY2FtcGFpZ249ZW1haWwtc=
mVzdGFjay1jb21tZW50JmFjdGlvbj1yZXN0YWNrLWNvbW1lbnQmcj00aXdvZTYmdG9rZW49ZXlK=
MWMyVnlYMmxrSWpveU56TTJNakl6T1Rnc0luQnZjM1JmYVdRaU9qRTVNVFEyTmpBeE5pd2lhV0Y=
wSWpveE56Y3pPVEl3TWpRNUxDSmxlSEFpT2pFM056WTFNVEl5TkRrc0ltbHpjeUk2SW5CMVlpMH=
pNelkxTXpZM0lpd2ljM1ZpSWpvaWNHOXpkQzF5WldGamRHbHZiaUo5LnVJVERTZHRKSDNMQkp2N=
jNsTGF2b3FtUVpzQjJmM2hpR2ZXemViV3duQzQiLCJwIjoxOTE0NjYwMTYsInMiOjMzNjUzNjcs=
ImYiOnRydWUsInUiOjI3MzYyMjM5OCwiaWF0IjoxNzczOTIwMjQ5LCJleHAiOjIwODk0OTYyNDk=
sImlzcyI6InB1Yi0wIiwic3ViIjoibGluay1yZWRpcmVjdCJ9.eyUnqHqCijF410Whi9wt0kh-v=
Z53bLkwHZXSy-RzlYg?&utm_source=3Dsubstack&utm_medium=3Demail" style=3D"font=
-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helve=
tica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol=
';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);bo=
rder-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: =
12px;padding: 9px 14px;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);"><img=
 class=3D"icon" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5EGt!,w_36,c=
_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2F=
icon%2FNoteForwardIcon%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523=
808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" style=3D"margin-right:=
 8px;min-width: 18px;min-height: 18px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;m=
ax-width: 18px" alt=3D""><span class=3D"email-button-text" style=3D"vertica=
l-align: middle;">Restack</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></t=
body></table></td><td align=3D"right"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D=
"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr></tr></t=
body></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr height=3D"16"><td heig=
ht=3D"16" style=3D"font-size:0px;line-height:0;">&nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></=
table><div class=3D"footer footer-ZM59BM" style=3D"color: rgb(119,119,119);=
text-align: center;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;padding: 24px0;"><div =
style=3D"font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;padding-bottom: 24px"><p class=
=3D"pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s size-12-mmZ61m reset-IxiVJZ sm=
all meta-B2bqa5" style=3D"list-style: none;font-family: system-ui,-apple-sy=
stem,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple=
 Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';padding-bottom: 0;font-siz=
e: 12px;line-height: 16px;margin: 0;color: rgb(119,119,119);text-decoration=
: unset;">&#169; 2026 <span>Derek Pruski</span><br>548 Market Street PMB 72=
296, San Francisco, CA 94104 <br><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/2=
/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9kZXJla3BydXNraS5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vYWN0aW9uL2Rpc2FibGVfZW=
1haWw_dG9rZW49ZXlKMWMyVnlYMmxrSWpveU56TTJNakl6T1Rnc0luQnZjM1JmYVdRaU9qRTVNV=
FEyTmpBeE5pd2lhV0YwSWpveE56Y3pPVEl3TWpRNUxDSmxlSEFpT2pFNE1EVTBOVFl5TkRrc0lt=
bHpjeUk2SW5CMVlpMHpNelkxTXpZM0lpd2ljM1ZpSWpvaVpHbHpZV0pzWlY5bGJXRnBiQ0o5Ljl=
BQjlUT3JCcHhaYWlSaXFRcjFzWG50ZDhDRDY0dmhCUEZsRmFxeFh3aEUiLCJwIjoxOTE0NjYwMT=
YsInMiOjMzNjUzNjcsImYiOnRydWUsInUiOjI3MzYyMjM5OCwiaWF0IjoxNzczOTIwMjQ5LCJle=
HAiOjIwODk0OTYyNDksImlzcyI6InB1Yi0wIiwic3ViIjoibGluay1yZWRpcmVjdCJ9.IfNQ91G=
YNGYCBUJ_AF2DIzd0u1P3UtoPzL6wGva_PWU?" style=3D"color: #ff6719;text-decorat=
ion: none;"><span style=3D"color: rgb(119,119,119);text-decoration: underli=
ne;">Unsubscribe</span></a></p></div><p class=3D"footerSection-EHR0jG small=
 powered-by-substack" style=3D"padding: 0 24px;font-size: 12px;line-height:=
 20px;margin: 0;color: rgb(119,119,119);font-family: system-ui,-apple-syste=
m,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Co=
lor Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';padding-bottom: 0;margin-top:=
 0;"><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9zdWJzdGF=
jay5jb20vc2lnbnVwP3V0bV9zb3VyY2U9c3Vic3RhY2smdXRtX21lZGl1bT1lbWFpbCZ1dG1fY2=
9udGVudD1mb290ZXImdXRtX2NhbXBhaWduPWF1dG9maWxsZWQtZm9vdGVyJmZyZWVTaWdudXBFb=
WFpbD10anBodWhzQGdtYWlsLmNvbSZyPTRpd29lNiIsInAiOjE5MTQ2NjAxNiwicyI6MzM2NTM2=
NywiZiI6dHJ1ZSwidSI6MjczNjIyMzk4LCJpYXQiOjE3NzM5MjAyNDksImV4cCI6MjA4OTQ5NjI=
0OSwiaXNzIjoicHViLTAiLCJzdWIiOiJsaW5rLXJlZGlyZWN0In0.wwKSOIueG08X_EOigq8gh8=
zHH0g_7m38PqIzJ3FJyfk?" style=3D"color: #ff6719;text-decoration: none;displ=
ay: inline-block;margin: 0 4px;"><img src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/=
fetch/$s_!LkrL!,w_270,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https=
%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Femail%2Fpublish-button%402x.png" srcset=3D"ht=
tps://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wgfj!,w_135,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:goo=
d,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Femail%2Fpublish-b=
utton.png, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LkrL!,w_270,c_limit,f_au=
to,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Femai=
l%2Fpublish-button%402x.png 2x, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kjt=
Y!,w_405,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubs=
tack.com%2Fimg%2Femail%2Fpublish-button%403x.png 3x" width=3D"135" alt=3D"S=
tart writing" height=3D"40" style=3D"max-width: 550px;border: none !importa=
nt;vertical-align: middle;"></a></p></div></div></td><td></td></tr></tbody>=
</table><img src=3D"https://eotrx.substackcdn.com/open?token=3DeyJtIjoiPDIw=
MjYwMzE5MTEzNzI2LjMuZDhkNDBiOWZkNDhlZGM4OUBtZy1kMS5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20-IiwidSI=
6MjczNjIyMzk4LCJyIjoidGpwaHVoc0BnbWFpbC5jb20iLCJkIjoibWctZDEuc3Vic3RhY2suY2=
9tIiwicCI6MTkxNDY2MDE2LCJ0IjoibmV3c2xldHRlciIsImEiOiJvbmx5X3BhaWQiLCJzIjozM=
zY1MzY3LCJjIjoicG9zdCIsImYiOnRydWUsInBvc2l0aW9uIjoiYm90dG9tIiwiaWF0IjoxNzcz=
OTIwMjQ5LCJleHAiOjE3NzY1MTIyNDksImlzcyI6InB1Yi0wIiwic3ViIjoiZW8ifQ.p6Q_Px1q=
CcXzrMsb_D8T3DtkHmiAfZx-nJ_q2cG_3wk" alt=3D"" width=3D"1" height=3D"1" bord=
er=3D"0" style=3D"height:1px !important;width:1px !important;border-width:0=
 !important;margin-top:0 !important;margin-bottom:0 !important;margin-right=
:0 !important;margin-left:0 !important;padding-top:0 !important;padding-bot=
tom:0 !important;padding-right:0 !important;padding-left:0 !important;"/><i=
mg width=3D"1" height=3D"1" alt=3D"" src=3D"https://email.mg-d1.substack.co=
m/o/eJw80FvO2yAQhuHVhLtaHBwMF6wFDczYobHB4tDKu6-cVP_tN9KrRxOh01bq5c7SOkOnbOA=
makZOLIuykssnZ3RA2v1GmSp0Qg_95zpbaw17Oa1EwAUwiAgqzgtYLtfnakkZCJyAJSe51FwJK4=
RapJ7UhAZnHuyKsyGMxj5mfmy_UExthNYhvqdYDpaaXyt9CK7XQeyWehiYKEdyJe-XPyHhd0_oh=
BWz1lzo79Kvk1ymv22n3qmycwQfy3GMnPrlKUPYCf-XR9hThJ5KvkNK6afSC6uu_z5f49UeM99u=
x8fVRsByQMoOqdL7rKO9E-vfR45G9U7IRWkplTXsj5P_AgAA__8dpnlI"></body></html>
--099ce80f6e3f341deb590646199b326f6162277094d1e04d6e916624eca3--
